同位语从句讲解

AppositiveClauseWhatkindofnounclausesarethey?1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.名词性从句Mr.Liu,ourChineseteacher,isacharminggentleman.Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.同位语（appositive）同位语从句（appositiveclause）Lead-in名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----主语宾语表语同位语1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-从句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……注意：用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下几组：1.ItiswellknownthatabigearthquakestruckJapanon11,March.2.Thereasonwhyithappenedisthatthecontinentsaremoving.3.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatalargenumberofcarswerewashedawaybythewater.4.Alargenumberofpeoplewerehomeless,andIhavenoideawhethertheycanrebuildtheirhome.5.Thenewsthatourcountryhasofferedhelpmakesmeproud.6.Ithinkitourdutytodowhatwecan(do)tohelpthem.同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作_________的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对该抽象名词进一步解释，说明名词的_____________。3.用法:常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有:4.连词:that/whether/who/whichwhat/when/where/why/howfact_____/idea_____/reason_____/thought_____/doubt_____/news_____/hope______/belief_______/message______/decision______/warning_____/information______order_______/promise______/possibility_______/evidence_____……事实想法理由想法疑惑消息希望信念消息决定警告信息命令诺言可能性证据抽象名词具体内容事实，真相I.名词性从句的引导词：1.连接词：that、if、whether不作成分无意义2.连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever,whatever3.连接副词：when、where、why、how“是否”作状语作主/宾/表主语从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow从句引导词:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.4.Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么时候”主语从句不用if位于句首主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It连接词that引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown.如果从句句子意思完整且是确定的事情应该用______来引导.that只用whether引导,不用if.连接词whether引导的同位语从句如果从句意思不完整且表示不确定的事情(含“是否”之意)，应该用________来引导.whether•Hemustanswerthequestion_________heagreestoitornot.whether连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______oneIshouldchoose.whichwho(定语)(主语)在从句中充当成分连接词副词when/where/why/how引导同位语从句并分别充当______________________状语.1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhere时间/地点/原因/方式5.注意事项：(1)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所要说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，这种从句叫分隔式同位语从句。Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthatitwasawolfinsheep’sclothing.(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词（如suggestion,advice,order,request等）后接同位语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，should可以省略。Ourteachergaveadvicethatwe(should)makeuseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.Hegavetheorderthatthepatient______________（send)tohospitalwithoutdelay.(should)besent(3)当doubt作名词用于肯定句中，其后的同位语从句引导词用whether;如果是否定句/疑问句，则用that.Thereissomedoubt________theirfootballteamwillwinthematch.Thereisno/littledoubt______theywillagreewithyouonthismatter.That’sall.whetherthat同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别是什么?该如何区分呢?三.如何区别由that引导的定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句中that，代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表同位语从句中that,连词，无成分无意义Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.2.定义：定语从句---对先行词加以修饰限定，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。同位语从句---对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.2.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.3.ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.4.Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)1.（09江西）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though2.Thesuggestion______heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./3.Thesuggestion____thestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./总结:1)同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea,fact,news,hope,thought,suggestion等抽象名词之后2)连接词that不能省略,无意义无成分；3)用whether而不用if引导同位语从句4)连接代词who,which,what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词where,when,why,how在从句作状语。回顾名词性从句考点：１.语序问题６.连接词that,what,which,whether,if,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whoseverwhen,where,why,how…５.it作形式主语,形式宾语的用法２.时态问题７.同位语从句与定语从句区别４.名词性从句中的虚拟语气３.主谓一致问题重点8含有插入语的名词性从句Areyouclearnow?OK.Let’sdosomeexercises!1.(09江西33)Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though2.(09四川7)Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where3.Itmakesnodifference___youwillgotodayortomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what4.Hemadeasuggestionthatwe___moneytothepeopleinthesouth.A.giveB.gaveC.wouldgiveD.