Unit-1-Friendship-Grammar直接引语间接引语

1直接引语与间接引语由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化时态变化人称变化状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句）直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时现在完成时过去完成时直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况当直接引语是客观真理时。当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。当直接引语是过去完成时态时。当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun．Mr.Wangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.Shesays,“MissliuisgoodatEnglish.”ShesaysMissliuisgoodatEnglish.Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Hesaidthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.人称变化直接引语代词Iweyoumeusthisthese间接引语代词he/shetheyIhim/herthemthatthoseHesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.直接引语中的状语nowagotodaythismorning/thisweek……yesterdayyesterdaymorningtomorrowlastweek/month…nextweek/month…here状语变化间接引语中的状语thenbefore/earlierthatdaythatmorning/week……thedaybeforethemorningbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaytheweek/monthbefore…thefollowing/nextweek/month..thereShesaidtome,”Ilivedtherefiveyearsago.”Shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore.Shesaidtome,”Iwillseehernextweek.”Shetoldmeshewouldseeherthenextweek.句型变化直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连词that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say、tell等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化“I’mtired,”hesaid.Hesaid(that)hewastried.Jimsaid,“I’vereadTony’sbookandIdidn’tunderstandit.”Jimsaid(that)hehadreadTony’sbookandhedidn’tunderstandit.直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意：•间接引语应改为陈述语序。•特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。•一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if)。“Istheresomethingwrong,Madam?”askedthepoliceman.Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewassomethingwrong.Sheasked,“Whatitis?What’sgoingtohappennow?”Sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen.“It’sMary,isn’tit?”askedJane.JaneaskedwhetheritwasMary.“IsitMaryorLucy?”askedJane.JaneaskedwhetheritwasMaryorLucy.注意Whether可与ornot连用,表示一种选择。而if则不可。Hewantstoknowwhetherornotwewenttodinner.当疑问词作主语时，间接引语的语序不变。“What’sthematterwithyou?”saidthedocotor.Thedocotoraskedwhat’sthematterwithme.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.Mybrothertoldmehewasgoingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”MotheraskedmewhatIwasdoingintheroom.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”Heaskedwhether/ifhecouldborrowmybike.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”Tomaskedmewhether/ifIlikedfootball.Thevisitor___thathe___verygladtovisitourcountry.A.said;wasB.said;hadbeenC.told;wasD.spoke;hadbeen答案：AHesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.“I’llfinishmyworktomorrow,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.“WillyougoabroadorstayinBeijing?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhether/ifIwouldgoabroadorstayinBeijing.Heaskedher,“Youhavepassedtheeaxm,haven’tyou?”Heaskedherwhether/ifshehadpassedtheexam.