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形容词&副词（学习材料）形容词是用来表示人或事物的属性或特征的词，一般置于所修饰的名词之前。表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词，它用来修饰动词，形容词以及其他副词或整个句子。形容词和副词在语法结构中可用于比较级和最高级。一、形容词的用法1.形容词可以修饰名词和代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如：Heisagoodactor.他是一名好演员。（定语）Thisbagislight,butthatoneisheavy.这只包很轻，但那只很重。（表语）WethinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我们认为学好英语很重要。（宾语补足语）2.名词化的形容词某些形容词前加定冠词the,变成名词化的形容词。即“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时要求谓语用复数动词。例如：Theoldtodayaretakengoodcareof.如今，老人受到了良好的照顾。Therichdon’tenjoythemselves.那些富人并不快乐。3.形容词的排序a.一般情况下，形容词放在被修饰的名词之前。但是，当形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。例如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情告诉你。b.当有几个形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词的位置由它们和被修饰名词的关系和密切程度来决定。一般来说，关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词，关系较远的离被修饰的名词也较远。例如：Abeautifullittleyellowflowerisonthetable.一朵美丽的小黄花在桌上。二．副词的用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词以及其他副词的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。在句中常常作状语，也可作定语和表语。1.频率副词和程度副词有always,usually,quite,almost,nearly。修饰动词时，一般放在助动词、情态动词和系动词之后，实义动词之前。例如：Heusuallygoestoschoolbybike.他通常骑自行车去上学。Theboycanhardlysayaword.那个男孩几乎一言不发。2.时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾，如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可将时间副词放在句首。例如：Theydidhomeworkintheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们在教室里作作业。3.修饰形容词，一般情况下副词放在前面，但是enough除外。例如：Theseflowersareverybeautiful.这些花很漂亮。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他岁数够大了，可以上学了。三．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成实例1单音节词尾加-er或-est,例如long-longer-longestclean-cleaner-cleanestfew-fewer-fewestwarm-warmer-warmest规则变化2以-e结尾的词只加-r，或-st，例如Nice-nicer-nicestlate-later-latestwide-wider-widest3以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-er或-est,例如busy-busier-busiestearly-earlier-earliest4以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该字母，再加-er或-est,例如fat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnestred-redder-reddestbig-bigger-biggest5多音节词和部分双音节在其前加more,最高级在其前家most,例如popular-morepopular-themostpopular(形容词前加the)slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly(副词前不加the)6少数词可有两种变化的方式，例如friendly-friendlier-friendliest或friendly-morefriendly-themostfriendly(该词既可以做形容词也可以做副词)不规则变化1good-better-bestwell-better-best2ill-worse-worstbad/badly-worse-worst3many-more-most4little-less-least5old-older-oldest或old-elder-eldestolder一般指年龄大小elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语);6far-farther/further-farthest/furthest.farther指距离更远；further指抽像的.备注：最高级前面一般要加the四．形容词变副词许多形容词后加后缀-ly变成副词，如果形容词是以辅音字母加y结尾的话，则先改y为i，然后再加ly.例如quick-quicklystrong-stronglyusual-usuallyheavy-heavilyeasy-easierbusy-busilyangry-angrilybright-brightlywonderful-wonderfullycareful-carefully下面两词的变化稍有不同true-trulyterrible-terribly需要注意的是，某些词本身既可作形容词，也可做副词，这些词有:hard,first,last,slow,fast,early,late,等；另外friendly,ugly,lovely等词虽以-ly结尾，但这些词本身都是形容词。五．含有形容词原级、比较级、最高级的句型级别意义及构成示例原级1.as+原级+as“与….一样”1.Thisboxisasheavyasyours.2.Freshwaterisasdearasoilinthisarea.2.not+so/as+原级+as“与……不一样”1.Sheisnotasenergeticassheusedtobe.2.Tom’spronunciationisnotasgoodashissister’s.比较级1.形容词-er+than2.more+形容词+thanless+形容词+than“比…..更...…”1.Iamfouryearsoldthanheis.2.NowwespeakmoreEnglishthanwedidlastterm.3.Ittakeslesstimetogotherebybusthanbyboat.4.Theoldmanisn’tinbetterhealthnowthanhewaslastyear.5.TheSummerPalaceismorebeautifulthananyotherparkinBeijing.最高级1.最高级+in/of…2.most+形容词+in….least+形容词+of….表示“最…”1.AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.2.Thisisthemostdifficultofallthebookshere.3.Thestoryistheleastinterestingofall.4.Heranmostquicklyintheschoolsportsmeeting.5.ThisisthemostexcitingmatchI’veeverwatched.有时比较级表达的是最高级的意思1.Heisquiterthananyotherstudentinclass.2.Sydneyismorebeautifulthantheothercitiesintheworld.3.Nohumanbeinghastraveledfartherinspacethanthemoon.4.WehaveneverdrunkabetterwinethanthisFrenchone.如果有定语从句时，用最高级1.HeisthekindestpersonIhaveevermet.2.Thatistheworstfilmtheyhaveeverseen.形容词&副词（课后练习）一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.fine_________________2.quick_________________3.little_________________4.early_________________5.slowly_________________6.well_________________7.interesting_________________8.safe_________________9.bravely_________________10.far_________________11.few_________________12.thin_________________二．用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theboyisthe_________(tall)ofthetwo.2.Itis____________(exciting)totravelbyairthanbysea.3.Theriveristhe_________(deep)ofall.4.Helistenstotheteacher_____________(careful)thanshe.5.Iwrite____________(good)thanyou.答案：一．1.fine–finer–finest2.quick–quicker–quickest3.little–less–least4.early–earlier–earliest5.slowly–moreslowly–mostslowly6.well–better-best7.interesting–moreinteresting–mostinteresting8.safe–safer–safest9.bravely–morebravely–mostbravely10.far–farther–farthest/far–further–furthest11.few–fewer-fewest12.thin–thinner–thinnest二．1.taller2.moreexciting3.deepest4.morecarefully5.better形容词&副词（学习测试卷）一、将下列形容词变为副词1.quick___________2.easy___________3.true___________4.angry___________5.terrible___________二．写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.nice_________________2.careful_________________3.beautiful_________________4.busy_________________5.hot_________________6.lovely_________________7.old_________________8.bad_________________9.clever_________________10.ill_________________三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Tomisas___________(tall)asJim.2.Thisisthe___________(bad)filmtheyhaveeverseen.3.Maryisfouryears___________(old)thanSerena.4.Thiscountryistwice___________(big)thanthatone.5.Canyoushowmethe___________(near)shophere?四、选择填空1.Tonyis________ofthetwoboys.A.thetallerB.atallerC.thetallestD.atallest2.Thekindofskirtlooks______ands