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祈使句——by夕夕祈使句用以表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等。句子结构和陈述句一样，但是主语常为第二人称you，且省略。谓语动词用原形，否定结构用don't加动词原形。句末用句号或者感叹号。类型如下：1、V型：动词原形+其他2、Be型：Be+形容词3、Let型：Letsb.+其他4、No型：No+v-ing/n注意：①表示委婉、客气时，常加please(可放句首，句末用逗号隔开)②祈使句的否定形式：一般在句首加don't③Let型的祈使句变否定句，可在句首加don't,或在动词原形前加not例句：1、Putthosethingsbackintheirplaces.把那些东西放回原处。2、Watchyoursteps.走路小心。3、Standup.起立！4、Closethedoor!关上门！5、在4的基础上加please表礼貌。Pleaseclosethedoor!请关门！Closethedoor,please!请关门！6、Bequiet,please.请安静。7、Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子！8、Noparking.禁止停车。9、Nosmoking.禁止吸烟。10、Nolitter!不准乱扔杂物！11、Dobecareful.一定要小心！12、Don'tmove.别动。13、Don'tbelate.别迟到。14、Don'twait!别等了！15、Don'topenthewindow!不要开窗！16、Don'tspeaktomelikethat!别那样跟我说话！17、Don'tlookoutofthewindow!不要朝窗外看！18、Don'ttalkinclass!不要在课上说话！19、Letmetry.让我试试。20、Letherjoinus.让她加入我们吧。祈使句+and+简单句：“如果···，就···”Godownthestreet,andyouwillseeahospital.顺着这条路，你就能看到一家医院。祈使句+or+简单句：“···否则···”Bequick,orwewillbelate.快点，要不就迟到了。祈使句后面附加问句能使语气更委婉。1、Tellmeaboutit,willyou?告诉我这些好吗？2、Don'ttellanyone,willyou?不要告诉任何人好吗？3、Let'sgoouttoplayforawhile,willyou?我们出去玩会儿好吗？特殊用法：祈使句有时候相当有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。如：Studyharder,andyouwillcatchupwiththeothersinyourclass.再努力学习些，你会赶上班里其他同学的。变if句型如下：Ifyoustudyharder,youwillcatchupwiththeothersinyourclass.如果你学习再努力些，你会赶上班上其他同学的。练习一翻译句子1、请照看好您的包。2、让我们去学校吧！3、亲爱的，高兴点儿！4、不要把书放这儿。5、不要让猫进来。练习二用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1、It'sanimportantmeeting.______(not,be)late.2、______(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3、______(look)out!Acariscoming.4、Let's______(not,say)anythingaboutit.5、______(go)andwashyourhands.6、______(keep)offthegrass.练习三选择填空1、Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard.”A.StopB.Don'tC.Can'tD.No2、_______whenyoucrosstheroad.A.DocareB.CareC.BecarefulD.Tobecareful3、________himthesecret,willyou?A.Don'ttellB.NottotellC.NottellingD.Notelling4、________inbed.It'sbadforyoureyes.A.NottoreadB.Don'treadC.Don'ttoreadD.Notread5、________yourchild.Wewilllookafterhim.A.NottoworryaboutB.Don'tworryaboutC.NotworryforD.Don'tworrywith6、________saynever.A.NeverB.Don'tC.NoD.Not7、Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.A.notB.don'tC.aren'tD.can't8、Ifyouaretired,______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had9、Nevercomelateagain,______?A.willyouB.won'tC.doyouD.doeshe10、Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please______seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being练习四改否定6、Comehereearly.早点来。7、Askhim.问他。8、Pleasewaitforher.麻烦等下她。9、Readthebookcarefully.仔细读这本书。10、Situnderthetree,please.请坐在树下。感叹句——by夕夕感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。英语感叹句三种类型：一、由what引导的感叹句：what意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词(单数可数名词；复数可数名词；不可数名词)。这类句子的结构形式是：·what+a/an+形容词+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！·what+形容词+名词复数（+主语+谓语）！·what+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！②Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！③Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。这类句子的结构形式是：·How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)！·How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！·How+主语+谓语!如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的图画呀！Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀！②Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！③Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如：Goodidea!(好主意！)Wonderful!(太精彩了！)Thankgoodness!(谢天谢地！)Sheisanicegirl!(她是个好女孩！)补充说明：一、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。如：①Whatahotdayitis!Howhotthedayis!多么热的天气呀！②Whattallbuildingstheyare!Howtallthebuildingsare!多么高的楼房呀！③Whatbadweatheritis!Howbadtheweatheris!多么糟糕的天气呀！④Whatbrightsunshineitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!多么明亮的阳光呀！二、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！Whataday!鬼天气！②Whatanhonestboy!多么诚实的孩子呀！③Whatredapples!多么红的苹果呀！④Howcool!好凉快呀！⑤Howwonderful!精彩极了！感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的内容。1、若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用whata/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2、若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：1、Whatagoodboyheis!他是个多么好的男孩啊！↑↑形容词单数名词2、Whatgoodboystheyare!他们是多么好的男孩啊！↑↑形容词复数名词3、Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天气啊！↑↑形容词不可数名词4、Howgoodtheboyis!这男孩多好啊！↑↑形容词乱糟糟注：若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例如：Howwellheplaystheguitar!他吉他弹得多好啊！↑副词（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）Howtimeflies!时间飞逝！HowfastLiuXiangruns!刘翔跑的很快！例句：改为what型1、Sheisaclevergirl.→Whataclevergirlsheis!2、Itisaninterestingstory.→Whataninterestingstoryitis!3、Theyarebeautifulflowers.→Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!4、Itisdeliciousfood.→Whatdeliciousfooditis!改为how型1、Sheisaclevergirl.→Howcleveragirlsheis!Howcleverthegirlis!2、Itisaninterestingstory.→Howinterestingastoryitis!Howinterestingthestoryis!3、Theyarebeautifulflowers.→Howbeautifulflowerstheyare!Howbeautifultheflowersare!4、Itisdeliciousfood.→Howdeliciousfooditis!Howdeliciousthefoodis!练习一填入适当的词1、________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!2、________cutedogitis!3、________interestingthestoryis!4、________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5、________honestboyTomis!6、________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7、________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8、________excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9、________coolyournewcaris!10、________scarythesetigersare!练习二选择填空1、_______fasttheboyran!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan2、_______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,howB.What,whatC.How,whatD.What,how3、________deliciousthesoupis!I'dlikesomem