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doing动名词gerundtodo不定式infinitivedoing/done分词participleNon-finitesThesignificanceofNon-finites1.单项填空的需要。2009年北京高考卷第24、28、34题。24.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit____onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow答案为：A28.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent34.___twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten答案为：28.D34.B2.阅读理解的需要。2009北京卷阅读E…Campingisabouthavingrelaxation,sleepingoutdoors,experiencingbadweathers,andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy,fully-equippedcampsite(野营地）seemstogoagainstthis,…看阅读5+3P2183.书面表达的需要。2009北京卷书面表达一.情景作文（参考答案）•….Inthemorning,webicycledtothesuburbstoplanttrees,talkingandlaughingallthetime.….Aftergettingtheworkdone,weputupaboardremindingpeopletoprotectthetrees.Beforeleavingwetooksomephotostorecordourgreenaction.Seeingthelinesoftrees,weallhadasenseofachievement.Wefeelit'sourdutytoprotectandbeautifyourenvironment.GREENACTIONINOURCLASS非谓语动词答题技巧•一、看缺谓语还是非谓语•二、看主被动关系•三、看时间关系辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词iswritingwrittenhavewrittenwrotetohavebeenwrittenwritehavebeenwrittentowritehavebeenwritingwriteshavingwritteniswrittenbeingwrittenwriting辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词iswritingwrittenhavewrittenwrotetohavebeenwrittenwritehavebeenwrittentowritehavebeenwritingwriteshavingwritteniswrittenbeingwrittenwriting辨别缺少谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.Hehadhisleg___(break)while___(play)football.2.___(notdo)suchdifficultworkbefore,hefeltitwasterriblyhardforhim.3.Thestudents,___(work)hardthewholeterm,wanttorelaxthemselvesduringthesummerholidays.4.Theyoungman,___(believe)tobethesonofthedetective___(bite)byasnakeanddied.非谓语作状语过去分词done---时间、原因、伴随、条件等现在分词doing--时间、原因、伴随不定式todo----目的、结果非谓语作状语的形式•todo•onlytodo/nevertodo•doing主动、同时•havingdone主动、先于谓语发生•done被动•beingdone被动、同时•havingbeendone被动、先于谓语发生用所给动词的正确形式填空(doing/done/todo)1.____(knock)downbyacar,shehadtostayinbedforsometime.2.___(noreceive)anynewsfromhomeforsolong,shegotmoreandmorehomesick.3.____(cross)thestreet,shewasknockeddownbyamotorbike.4.____(heat),waterwillturnintovapor.KnockedNothavingreceivedCrossingHeated5.Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake,____(listen)totherushingwinds.6.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,____(follow)bysomestudents.7.____(catch)thefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.8.Hewentbackonly___(find)hishousebrokeninto.listeningfollowedTocatchtofind非谓语作定语现在分词doing----过去分词done----不定式todo----进行完成将来主动被动不定式做定语•1.不定式做定语，表将来•Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.•2.用来修饰被序数词、最高级等限定的中心词。•Hewasthebestmantodothejob.•HewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.•3.被修饰的词为抽象名词时，用不定式。常见的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,belief,way…•DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?•Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.现在/过去分词做定语doing主动beingdone被动、进行（正在被做）done被动、完成•1.Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.•2.Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.•3.HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?•比较：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.•Thehouse____(build)nowwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.•Thehouse______(build)nextmonthwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.•Thehouse____(build)lastyearwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.beingbuilttobebuiltbuilt主动被动•todotobedone•tobedoing……•tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式todo否定形式复合结构nottodoforsbtodo•Tolearnchemistrywellisn’teasy.(=)•Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.•Ourworkistocleanthewindows.•Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：1.谓语用单数形式2.用it做形式主语主语、表语Itisn’teasytolearnchemistrywell.)•WeintendtohaveapicniconSunday.•Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.•Idon’tknowhowtoworkitout.•Ourteacherencouragesustoreadmore.•I’llshowyouhowtofindthemuseum.句型：1.动词+todo/howtodo2.动词+sb.todo/sb.howtodo3.动词+it+形容词+todo宾语、宾补某些V+todo作宾语•决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。•主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。•☆decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;•refuse,manage,care,pretend;•☆offer,promise,choose,plan;•agree,ask/beg,help•Ihavealotofworktodo.(doalotofwork;Idowork)•Hehadnoroomtolivein.(livein…room)•Thefarmersthoughtofwaystoprotecttheircrops.(=waysofprotecting…)•Heisthefirsttocomeeveryday.定语•Weeattolive.Wedon’tlivetoeat.•Peopleshaketheirheadsinordertoshowdisagreement.•Heworkshardsoastocatchupwiththeothersinhisclass.•Heworkssohardastocatchupwiththeothersinhisclass.•Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.•Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.inordertodo目的soastodo目的so…astodo结果onlytodo（未预料到的）结果状语找出不定式短语并判断做什么成分•Theydon’tliketobetooclosetooneanother.•Theywillmovebacktokeepacertaindistanceaway.•Wouldyoulikemetodosomethingforyou?•Haveyougotanythingtosay?•Itisapleasuretomeetyou.•Wavingone’shandistosay“Goodbye”.•Idon’tknowhowtocommunicatewithforeigners.不定式主动表被动1.–Wouldyouliketojoinusintheparty?--I’dliketo,butIhavealotofthings____.A.tobedoneB.tohavedoneC.todoD.beingdone2.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject____here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.toteachD.teachingIEnglish1.不定式与被修饰名词形成动宾关系，同时与句子主语形成主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式表被动。2.不定式与被修饰名词虽然形成动宾关系，但与句子主语并非主谓关系时，用被动形式。3、不定式与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上主谓关系•Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?4、由于表语形容词后，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系•Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.•Thiskindoffishisnicetoeat.knifedifficultnice1.–Wouldyouliketojo