独立主格结构与with复合结构

独立主格结构区别于分词作状语分词做状语特点：•现在分词作状语，表主动的动作，或表动作正在进行•过去分词作状语，表被动的动作，或表动作已经完成。1Whentheyhearthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoyHearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.2Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.3Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.特点：主语一致分词作状语独立主格结构Weatherpermitting,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.结构特点：两个不同的主语独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doing\done)名词或代词+不定式名词或代词+形容词\副词名词或代词+介词短语名词或代词+名词Therebeing+名词（代词）Itbeing+名词（代词）分词独立结构由“名词+being…”构成时，being常省略。名词或代词+分词（doing\done)1）天气允许的话，我们去高坡观光吧。Weatherpermitting（Ifweatherpermits）,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.2)综合来看，他的论文比你的更有价值。Allthingsconsidered（Ifallthingsareconsidered）,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.3)他仰面躺着，牙关紧闭，双手紧握在胸前，两眼朝上直直地怒视着。名词或代词+不定式1）明天要考试，我今晚就不去看电影了吧。Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Icouldn’tgotothecinematonight.Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.2)她俩道了别，一个要回家，另一个要去书店。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.3)种下大量的花草树木后，学校看起来会更漂亮。不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。名词/主格代词+形容词1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。Somanypeople（being）absent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobody（being）alive.3）会议一结束，他们就都回家了。Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.名词/主格代词+介词短语1）孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,flowersinhands.2）玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.表示存在时用“Therebeing+名词（代词）”的结构1).Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.Itbeing+名词（代词）由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Itbeingholiday,alltheshopswereshut.Suchbeing+名词（代词）Suchbeingthecase,shehasnothingtosay.Suchbeingthefact,shehadtoadmithismistake.区别于介词with/without复合结构doing(表示动作的主动和进行)done（表示动作的被动和完成）With/without+名词/宾格代词+todo(表示将来)adj/adv(表示状态或特征)介词短语（表示状态或特征）该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义；有时候也可以作定语。①Withtheboyleadingtheway,wearesurewe’llbethereontime.有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表示原因）②Theclassroomisverybightwithallthelightsturnedon.所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。（表示时间）③Ican’tgoout,withalotofworktodo.我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）④Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.不要嘴里含着东西谈话。（表示方式）⑤Withthelightoff,wecan’tseeanything.灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）⑥Hefoughtthetigerwithoutastickashisonlyweapon.他与老虎搏斗,没有一根棍子作为武器。（表示方式）⑦Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.老师进入了教室，手里拿着一本书。（表示伴随状况）⑧Hereachedthebeautifulriverwithredflowersandgreentreesonbothsides.他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river）独立主格结构与with复合结构的区别独立主格结构和with/without的复合结构在大多数情况下可以相互转换。•①Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。→Hestoodforaninstant，hishandstillraised.•②Hecouldbeseenwithhislegswrappedaroundthetrunkandhisblondheadstickingoutabovethebranches.只见他双腿盘着树干，长满金黄头发的头伸出树枝以上。•→Hecouldbeseen，hislegswrappedaroundthetrunkandhisblondheadstickingoutabovethebranches.•③Withoutanymoneyleft，hehadnochoicebuttoborrowsomefromhisfriend.由于手头拮据，他只得向他的朋友借一些钱。•→Nomoneyleft，hehadnochoicebuttoborrowsomefromhisfriend.•意思基本相同。不同：with复合结构常用于日常生活中，更口语化。而独立主格结构则多用于描绘文字，即多用于文学中，使之所描绘的内容更加生动有色•①Hesatinthefrontrow，hismouthhalfopen，hiseyeslookingstraightup，hisheadthrustforwardsoasnottomissasingleword.•他坐在前排，口半张，眼直视，头前倾，生怕漏掉一个字。•②Abamboohatonhishead，strawsandalsonhisfeet，carryingpoleonhisshoulder，folksonginmouth，theyoungpeasantclimbeduptothemountainstepbystep.•那个年轻的农夫头戴斗笠，脚穿草鞋，肩扛扁担，口哼山歌，一步一步登上山来。练手吧！1.Darkness______in,theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestreets.A.setB.settingC.hassetD.wasset2.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial(原料).A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup3.Fathercamehome,_________.A.adogfollowinghimB.adogfollowedhimC.beingfollowedbyadogD.alltheabove4.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown5.Theytwosmokedinsilence,__________.A.bothsittingandstandingB.hersitting,hisstandingC.shesatbuthestoodD.shesitting,hestanding6.Theboy__________theway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingthehouse.A.leadingB.ledC.havingbeenledD.beingled7.____________timegoingon,Einstein’stheoryproved_______.•A.As;correctB.With;corrected•C.With;correctD.As;beingcorrect8.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.•A.beingtiedB.havingtied•C.tobetiedD.tied9.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.•A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.__________,hewouldmostprobablybelate.•A.WithoutanybodytocallhimB.Anybodytocallhim•C.NobodycalledhimD.Withhimtocall