搜索
-1-任务型阅读(建议用时:20分钟)1(2013·徐州模拟)Simplyincreasingphysicalactivitylevelsaloneisunlikelytoreducebodyweightinyoungchildren,andthereforewillprobablynotpreventobesity(肥胖),althoughitmaysetthestageforahealthierlifestyle,theresultsofastudyconductedinScotlandsuggest.Instead,acombinationofincreasedphysicalactivityandotherlifestylechangeslikestickingtoahealthydietmaybeneededtostopthetrendofobesity.“Manychildrenareobese,evenatpreschoolage,”DrJohnJ.ReillyfromtheUniversityofGlasgowandhiscolleaguesnoteintheBritishMedicalJournal.Consideringthegenerallackofevidenceonproperwaystopreventobesityinthisagegroup,Reilly’steamhad545childrenfrom36nurseryschoolsinthe“MovementandActivityGlasgowIntervention(干预)inChildren”orMAGICtrial.Thetrialwasspecificallydesignedtoseeifanincreaseinactivitycouldreducebodymassindex(身体质量指数).Eachweekfor24weeksroughlyhalfofthepreschoolers,whowereanaverageof4.2yearsold,participatedinthree30-minuteactiveworkoutswhileatnurseryschoolandtheirparentswereencouragedtoincreasethechild’sactivitylevelsathome.Theotherhalfofthechildren,servingascontrasts,followedtheirusualnurseryschoolschedule.Accordingtotheresearchers,thephysicalactivityinterventionhadnosignificanteffectonbodymassindexofthechildren.However,comparedwithcontrastchildren,interventionchildrenshowgreatergainsinbodymovementskills,which,theresearcherssay,mayincreaseconfidenceinphysicalability,perhapsincreasingtheopportunitiesoffutureparticipationinphysicalactivityorsports.Inaword,Reillyandhiscolleaguessuggestthat“successfulinterventionstopreventobesityinearlychildhoodmayrequirechangesnotjustatnurseryschool,andhome,butinthewiderenvironment.Changesinotherbehaviors,includingdiet,mayalsobenecessary.”TopicWhetherexercisealonecan(1)obesityinyoungchildren.ResearchersDrJohnJ.Reillyandhis(2)fromtheUniversityofGlasgow-2-Peopleresearched545childrenfrom36nurseryschoolsProcess◇abouthalfofthepreschoolers(3)4.2onaverage:◇participatinginactiveworkoutsatnurseryschool◇(4)parentstoincreasetheiractivitieslevelsathometheotherhalf:◇living(5)accordingtothenurseryschoolschedule.(6)◇Exercisealonehasno(7)onlosingweight.◇Interventionchildrenshowgreatergainsinbody(8)skills,whichcanmakethemmore(9)inphysicalability.◇Successfulinterventionstopreventobesityinearlychildhoodmayrequirechangesinboththe(10)andotherbehaviors,includingdiet.2(2013·南通模拟)Couldyoubelievethattheidealpersonisneverthebestatanything?Ourheadsaresofullofambitionsaboutwealthandpowerthatwespinourwheelsuntilweburnourselvesoutandarelefthopelessandexhausted.Thereisgreatpressuretoattainthehighestlevelofachievement.Bysatisfyingourvanity(虚荣)wedoourselvesmoreharmthangood.TheonlywaytoachievesustainablehappinessistopracticetheGoldenMean(中庸之道).TheideaoftheGoldenMeanhasexistedforthousandsofyears.ItisatthecentreofbothEasternandWesternphilosophyandhasmoreinfluencethantheteachingsofAristotleandConfucius.Theideaissimple.Everyqualityhasextremesatbothends.TheGoldenMeanisthenaturalbalancebetweentheseextremes.Atthisharmoniouspointgoodnessandbeautyareachieved.Socratesusedtheexampleofextremedevotiontoathleticsversus(与……相比)extremedevotiontomusictoillustratethisidea.Theathletebecomesoverlyaggressiveandcruel,whilethemusicianbecomesoverlysoftandwomanish.Theidealissomeonewhopracticesbothathleticsandmusicandacquiresaharmoniousmixtureofbothqualities.ConsideranexamplefrommoderntimesthatI’msureeveryonehasobserved.Thefirstpersonisextremelycareerdriven.Eachdayhefocusesonadvancinghimself.Hespendslonghoursat-3-theoffice,competesmercilesslywithhiscoworkers,andflattershissuperiors.Asaresulthehasalmostnopersonallife.Thesecondperson’sonlypursuitisleisure.Helikestowastetimewithhisfriendswatchingtelevisionandplayingvideogames.Whichofthesepersonsissuperior?Manypeoplewouldargueforthehardworker.Butatsecondglancehislifeisrathercold.Hisobsession(痴迷)withsuccesshasconflictedwithhiscoworkersandlefthimwithoutafamily.Hemaybecomerich,buthowwillheenjoyit?Thesecondmanisnobetter.Hehaswastedhislifeinlaziness.Hehasrefusedtodevelophimselfandexistsasalazybones.Bothmenareworthyofpity.Ithinkwe’dallagreetheidealwouldbesomewhereinbetweenthesetwopeople.SohowdowefindtheabstractGoldenMean?Itallstartswithsettingtherightgoals.Wheneveryoumakeagoalyouneedtodoitwiththerightintention.Don’tsetgoalswiththeintentiontocommandotherpeople.Instead,trytostartwithagoalthatisinbetweentotalselfishnessandtotalselflessness.ThenextsteptoreachingtheGoldenMeanisknowingyourlimits.Youneedtoknowwhenonemoreprojectisgoingtostressyouout.Theideaistomaintainbalanceatalltimes.AnothersteptoachievingtheGoldenMeanisbeingawareofyourpersonalneeds.Sureweneedmoneyandsuccess,buthavinggoodrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilyisjustasimportant.IknowtheGoldenMeanishardtoliveby,butitisthekeytofindingyourinnerconfidence.BenFranklinsaid,“Thewisekeeplearningfromthemistakesofothers,fools,scarcelyfromtheirown.”Nexttimeyoufindyourselfwillingtodoanythingtobethebestofthebest,takeamomenttoreconsider.Youmayfinditisbettertobethebest“you”youcanbe.WhatistheGoldenMean?PassageoutlinePassagedetailsProblemsandsolution◇We(1)somuchaboutwealthandpowerthat