直译与意译问题LiteralandFreeSeeTextbookChapters2,3,4,51.学生课堂演示2.热身练习3.直译与意译问题4.课堂作业5.课后作业CONTENTS学生课后作业展示Students’Presentation(For30minutes)AnalysisofHomeworkAfterPresentationZhangGanzhou1.人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十几年有发展。2.由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。1.Whydopeoplesupportus?Becauseoureconomyhasbeendeveloping.2.Thesealevelisrisinglittlebylittleintheconsequenceofglobalwarming.3.Reformsandtheopenpolicyhavealsoemancipatedthemindsofthepeople.4.Weneedtobeenhancinginternationalcompetitiveness.5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。6.世界科技进步和产业结构的调整,亚太地区经济的迅速增长,给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。在我国中长期发展中,也有不可制约的因素,突出的是:……5.China’smodernizationisinseparablefromhereconomiccooperationandtradetieswithothernations.6.ThescientificandtechnicaladvancementintheworldandtheindustrialrestructuringaswellastherapideconomicgrowthintheAsia-PacificregionprovidefavorableconditionsforeconomicdevelopmentinChina.However,thereareafewfactorsthatcanimpedeprogressinourmedium-and-longrangedevelopment.Theprominentonesofthesefactorsare…7.AtthefirstAPECEconomicleader’smeetingin1993,Isaidthatwhatkindofworldwastobebroughtintothe21stcenturywasacrucialissuethatweleadersofthisgenerationmustcarefullythinkaboutandsolve.Today,atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,wehavefoundthesituationoftheworldandoftheAsia-Pacificregionbothencouragingandworrying.7.在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上,我曾说过,把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪,是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势,可以说是有喜有忧。8.为了进行认真细致的考察,他很少乘车坐船,几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭,长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相,他总是挑选道路艰险的山区,人迹稀少的森林进行考察,发现了许多奇山秀景。8.Inordertogetadetailedandtruthfulpictureoftheparticularplaces,hepreferredtotravelonfootinsteadofbycartorboat,despitethehardshipsonlongdistances;andheevenventuredinmountainousareasandjungles,whicharerarelytraveledbypeopleandfullofdangers.Thepay-offforhiseffortswashisdiscoveryofmanyfantasticlandscapes.9.专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用,2003年,这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障,农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外,还应从政府投资转向民间投资。9.Itisgenerallyagreedamongexportsthattheproactivefiscalpolicyhasconsiderablycontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinrecentyears.Theyear2003willseethefurtherimplementationofsuchapolicy,whichwillgiveaddedweighttothedevelopmentofthesocialsecuritysystem,ruraleducationandtheinfrastructure,andashiftingoffocusoninvestmentsourcesfromthegovernmenttotheprivatesector.10.这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处,孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。但是我尊重孔子的思想,并不是要把他的思想搬到现代社会。10.ThesevalueshavemuchincommonwithsomeofthevirtuesofConfucianism,theChinesephilosophythatstressesmoderation.However,althoughIrespectthespiritofConfucianism,Ihavenottriedtoadaptthisancientphilosophytomodernsociety.1.对牛弹琴2.竭泽而渔3.易如反掌4.口蜜腹剑5.井底之蛙6.史无前例7.两败俱伤1.Toplaythelutetoacow.2.Todrainapondtocatchallthefish3.Tobeaseasyasturningoverone’shand4.Tobehoney-mouthedanddagger-hearted5.Tobelikeafrogatthebottomofawell6.Tobewithoutprecedentinhistory7.Bothsidessuffer./Bothsideswouldbelosersinthefight.1.浑水摸鱼2.赴汤蹈火3.随波逐流4.知识就是力量5.眼不见,心不烦6.谋事在人,成事在天7.空中楼阁8.充耳不闻1.tofishintroubledwater2.Gothroughfireandwater3.Togowiththetide4.Knowledgeispower.5.Outofsight,outofmind.6.Manproposes,goddisposes7.Castlesintheair8.Turnadeafearto直译意译WithsevenmouthsandeighttonguesAlltalkingatonce;EverybodybeingeagertoputinawordTohavesb.bythethroatTogivesb.Tremendoustrouble;tostrangleAsoftboneAspinelessman(ofaperson)havingthreeheadsandsixarmsAsuperman习语翻译七嘴八舌卡脖子软骨头三头六臂CONTENTS直译LITERALTRANS意译FREE/PARAPHR直译-意译兼用LIT+FREE直译加注释LITERALPLUSNOTE释义性翻译EXPLAINING直译LiteralTRANS直译指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译。直译是一种重要的翻译方法,它有不少优点,能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。据估算,大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理,所以直译广为译者采用。“直译”用英语讲,即:1.aliteraltranslation;aword-for-wordtranslation;metaphrase;aliteralrendering2.totranslateliterally;totranslatewordforword直译决非死译。死译也叫逐词翻译(word-for-wordtranslation),翻译时是以词为单位进行考虑的,力求翻译目标语的每一个词都能与原语中的词绝对对等,这是一种“对号入座”式的翻译,在同一语系的语言之间大多可以。但在不同语系的语言之间,如英语和汉语,则不可以。下各例译文A均为典型的死译:(1)橱窗里摆着的是什么东西?A:Shopwindowindisplayediswhatthing?B:What’sthatintheshopwindow?(2)好是很好,可是买这么多扇子干什么呀?A:Goodisverygood,butbuysomanyfansdoWhat?B:Itisgood,butwhydoyoubuysomanyfans?(3)回国以后送给朋友。做得多精细啊!A:Returncountryafterpresentfriends.Madehowdelicate!B:I’llgivethemtomyfriendswhenIgohome.Aren’ttheydelicatelymade?(4)Everyatomofyourfleshisasdreartomeasmyown:inpainandsicknessitwouldstillbedear.A:你的肉中的每一个原子,对我来说,都像我自己的一样亲;它即使在病痛中,仍然是亲的。B:在我看来,你身上的每一个细胞都像我自己的细胞一样亲;即使你痛苦你有病,也还是一样亲。(5)Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.A:那是一个又老又破的月亮。B:这是一弯下弦残月。(6)Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybeginstobreathe.A:当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人,他目睹人体开始呼吸。B:当一名教师就意味着目睹上帝造人的过程,目睹用泥土捏成的人体开始呼吸。【2003年TEM8汉译英试题】得病以前,我受父母的宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上的一幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。【考生】BeforeIilled,myparentsspoiledme,Iwasveryautocratical(专横的)athome,butnowisolated,Iwascustodiedinasmallhouseinthegardenhill,suddenly,Ifeltverycoldlikeintheicehouse,verysad.(死译)【改译】BeforeIfellill,myparentsdotedonmealot.Icouldhavemywayathome.OnceIwasisolatedandconfinedinachamberonthehillsideofthegarden,IsuddenlyfeltIwasneglectedandbecameverydepressed.但是,直译具有局限性。例如译文有时冗长啰唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事与愿违。如果不顾场合条件,不顾中外两种语言的差异,一味追求直译,就必然造成误译。直译之所以有误区,是因为一方面,中外文化历史背景不同,造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式;另一方面,因为英汉属不同语系,语言的形式与内容、句子的表层结构与深层意义等,时常不统一。因此,有时需要意译。意译FREETRANS意译[free