Unit-Two

UnitTwoKnowledgeEconomyIndustrialRiseandDeclineinAmericaandJapanriseanddeclineriseandfallascentanddescentincreaseanddecreasedecline:n.movementtoalowerpositionThereisasharpdeclineinprofits.Thebirthrateisonthedecline.(sth.)declineto…%descent—n.theprogressofgoingdown下降,沦落Wewatchedherdescentfromthetree.Hisparentsfeltverysadathisdescentintoalifeofcrime.Syn.decline—n.movementtoalowerorworsepositionTherehasbeenasharpdeclineinprofitsthisyear.Thebirthrateisonthedecline.descent—n.theprogressofgoingdown下降,沦落Ant.ascent—n.theactofgoingup上升,攀登Wemadeasuccessfulascentofthemountain.Itreflectstheascentofmanfromhisoriginalstatetomoderncivilization.riseandfallascentanddescentincreaseanddecreasestatus—n.one’ssocialorprofessionalposition地位,职位What’sherstatusintheorganization?Thecarwillgivethemstatus.Syn.position—n.aperson’splaceinrelationtoothersPositionandmoneyareallthatmattertohim.Nomore.Itisanellipticalsentence.Nomore.=thisviewisnomoreaccepted.e.g.That’sthefulltruthasitis.Nomoreandnoless.stumble—v.tohavetroublewalking跌跌撞撞地走,蹒跚而行Tostumbleintothepolicestation.Sheisstumblingbecauseshedranktoomuchbeer.Syn.stagger—v.tomoveunsteadilyonone’sfeet摇摇晃晃，蹒跚而行Isawadrunkmanstaggeringacrossthestreet.while—conj.duringthetimethat当…的时候；与…同时although,whereas虽然；而；可是Theyarrivedwhilewewerehavingdinner.Tomisacriminal,whilehisfatherisalawyer.Whiletheywereverytired,theystillwentonsavingthepatient.envy—n.admiration羡慕Theboy’snewbicyclemadehimtheenvyofallhisfriends.Theirbeautifulgardenistheenvyofalltheneighbors.makeAmericatheenvyoftheworldmake+n.+n.make+n.+adj.vengeance—n.revenge;thereturnforinjury报仇,复仇takevengeanceonsb.forsth.withavengeance=ifsth.isdonewithavengeanceitisdonemuchmorethanisexpectedornormal（猛烈，彻底，极度地）Themusicstartedupagainwithavengeance.Hetookvengeanceonthepeoplewhohadkilledhissister.Givehimachancetogethisvengeance.befurtheralong—领先于EverythingwascomingfurtheralongthanwhatIhadexpected.competition—n.contest竞争Therewastough/intense/fierce/keencompetitionbetweenthejournaliststogetthestory.v.compete:竞争Thesetwocompaniescompetewitheachother.a.competitive:有竞争力的Ialwaysshopatthesupermarket;itspricesareverycompetitive.turnaround—n.achangetoanoppositesituation好转,转机Theturnaroundinthefootballclub’sfortunesdatesfromthedaytheygottheirnewmanager.Weexpectaturnaroundineconomythisyear.cedesth.tosth.else割让，放弃(formal)togivesth.suchasanareaoflandorarighttoacountryorperson,esp.whenyouareforcedtoHongkongwascededtoBritainin1842.cedeHongkongtoBritaincedethefieldtocompetitioncomeback—n.areturntoaformerposition恢复；卷土重来Theoldactormadeasuccessfulcomebackaftertwentyyears.Tomakeacomebackfalter—v.move,walk,orsayunsteadily,becauseofweaknessorfear蹒跚；摇晃；颤抖；结巴Thesickmanfalteredafewstepsthenfell.Hervoicefaltered,andthenshelostconsciousness..holddown—tokeepatalowlevel压下,抑制Iwon’tbeabletoholddownmyexpensesonceIgetintoashop.Wemusttrytoholddowntherateofinterest.Syn.keepdown—tocontrol;preventfromincreasingChemicalsareusedtokeepinsectsdown.resortto—tomakeuseof;toturntoforhelp求助于,诉诸Whenpoliterequestsfailed,heresortedtothreats.Sheresortedtostealingwhenshehadnomoremoney.Syn.turnto—togotoforhelp,advice,comfort,etc.Inhisdesperation,heturnedtodrink.turntosb.forhelpJapanesecarmakers…areresortingtoastrategyconsideredunthinkable…astrategywhichisconsideredunthinkable=considerastrategyunthinkable(considersth.+adj.)resortto—tomakeuseof;toturntoforhelp求助于,诉诸Whenpoliterequestsfailed,heresortedtothreats.Sheresortedtostealingwhenshehadnomoremoney.Syn.turnto—togotoforhelp,advice,comfort,etc.Inhisdesperation,heturnedtodrink.turntosb.forhelpbeinferiorto—notgood,orlessgoodinquality,value,orskillthansb.orsth.else次于,劣等于,低于Thegoodsareinferiortothesample.Ant.besuperiorto—优于,好于Don’tpretendtobesuperiortoothers.ThetoysmadeinChinawerenotonlysuperiortobutcheaperthanthoseofferedbyothernations.priceyadj.(informal)expensivepricier/priciestNewbooksareprettypriceynowadays.sophisticated—1.experiencedinunderstandingthewaysofsociety世故的,老练的;2.beingadvanced先进的,精密的Thechildisquitesophisticatedforhisage.Theplanesareamongthemostsophisticatedaircraftnowbeingmanufactured.captivate—v.tocharm,excite,andattract吸引,使着迷Thedancerquicklycaptivatedheraudience.Herbeautyandintelligencehavecaptivatedmanymen.Syn.charm—v.topleaseandfascinateShecharmedalltheyoungmen.stream(of)—anythingflowingormovingoncontinuously不断流动之物Asteadystreamofvisitorscametothehouse.Theywerestoppedbyastreamoftraffic.inthemidstof—Inthemiddleof在…当中Inthemidstofthem,therearetwomedal-winners.Inthemidstofhistroubleshemanagedtoremaincheerful.keepup—continuedoingsth.使不低落；保持良好状态；继续，坚持；熬夜Ifthestormkeepsupthecropswillbedestroyed.keepupthegoodworkkeepupwiththerestoftheclasscatchupwithadvancedtechnologyingredient—n.anessentialpartofsomething要素,作料ImaginationandhardworkaretheingredientsofsuccessThemostessentialingredientsineconomicprogressisinvestment.Syn.factor－n.afacttobeconsideredThehighcostoflaborisanimportantfactorinthepriceofsteel.play(up)to－toseekfavorwithsomeone讨好；有助于Heisnotapersonwhotendstoplay(up)tocelebriti