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Presentperfecttense现在完成时态一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）•I______________(finish)thecompositionalready.•He___________(learn)Englishforthreeyears.•We/You/They….•She….havefinishedhaslearned过去分词的构成规则形式--ed不规则形式repair-repaired---e+d(见表格121双写辅音+edstop/mop/travel▲现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。Shehasgone.(她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。HespeaksFrenchsofluently.HelearneditinParis.Hewastherefortwoyears.HehasstudiedFrench.(他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.Hehascleanedtheblackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。现在完成时用法（一）过去的(结束性)动作产生的影响或结果现在还存在。1.常用短暂性动词做谓语动词.如arrive,get,finish,borrow,open,stop,begin,go,come,die,fall,…2.时间状语常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once(一次),recently等不具体的过去时间或不带有时间状语•I________(do)myhomeworkalready.•He_____________(notfinished)hishomeworkyet.•_______youever______(be)toHaiwaii?•We______never______(see)suchanexcitingmatchbefore.•Mother_____just_______(clean)thehouse.Pleasedon’tcomein.•They_________________(practice)thisdialoguetwice.havedonehasnotfinishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhavepracticed•I_____________(nothear)fromheryet.•_____they_______(be)hererecently?Yes,theyhave.•I___________(be)busyrecently.•---_____yourfatherever______(travel)toNewYork?---No,never.•He__________________(nottravel)byplaneyet.haven’theardHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhasn’ttravelled注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.Ihaven’tseenthefilmnamedKingLionyet.●Ihavedonemyhomeworkalready.Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.●Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●IhavealreadyseenthefilmnamedKingLion.For….Since…Howlonghave/hassb…….?livedlearnedownedThedoorhasbeenopenforawholeday.Thewindowshavebeenclosedsince7:30Ihavehadthisbikeforayear/sincelastyear.Myteachershavebeenbusy/freethesedays.现在完成时用法二:过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在1.常用延续性动词,如be,sleep,live,learn,stay,have,keep,work,walk,…2.时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间.fortwoyearssofarsince短语,duringthepast2yearssince从句inthepast2years表示一段时间的主要结构2000lastweekyesterday(evening)threeweeksagohejoinedthePartytwoyearsago1.fortwoweeks/years/hours/2.sincesince＋过去某一点时间或过去某一结束性动词标志词：for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,theseyears,sofar,inthepast/last…years•We__________(learn)Englishforthreeyears/sincetwoyearsago/since2000.•Mr.Green_________(be)inChinatheseyears.•They____________(write)15songssofar.•Thepopulation____________(grow)moreslowlyinthepasttenyears.havelearnedhasbeenhavewrittenhasgrown1.TheJiangs___________(live)hereforalmosttenyears.2.He_____________(work)inthefactorysince1994.3.Hisparent___________(teach)inthisschoolsincetheycametothecity.4.Thechild____________(sleep)sincetwohoursago.havelivedhasworkedhastaughthassleptWorkinpairs:Doctor:What’swrongwithyou,youngman?Man:MaybeI__________(catch)acold.D:Howlong_____you_____(be)likethis?M:_____yesterdaymorning.D:_____you_____(take)thetemperatureyet?M:No,___yet.D:….Oh,youhavehadalittlefever._____you______(take)anymedicineyet?M:I_____(take)someaspirinthismorning.D:Howmanypills_____youever______(take)sofar?M:Aboutfourpills.D:Ok.It’snothingserious.Don’tworry.Youhavetostayinbedforafewhoursdrinkplentyofwater.You’llbebettertomorrow.havecaughthavebeenSinceHavetakennotHavetakentookhavetaken现在完成时用法三:•现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如when，in1949，yesterday，lastweek等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。现在完成时用法四:•在“itisfirst/second...timethat...。”或在“it/this/thatisthe+最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it+be...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时用于现在完成时的句型•1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。•ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.•Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.•2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.•ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.•这是我看过的最好的电影。•Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。Workinpairs:P17Imustsay(that)sb/sthisthebest/…Ihaveseen.….most….Workinpairs:A:WhatplacesinChinahaveyouvisited?B:….A:Haveyouevertravelled….by..?B:…..A:Bytheway,whendidyougoto….?B:….Imustsaythatit’sthemostbeautiful/interestingplaceIhave…现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他曾学过五年英语。HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.（说明他还继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时当有just,already,yet,sofar,inthepast/lastfewdays(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时•一般过去时的时间状语:•yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语•共同的时间状语:•thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately•现在完成时的时间状语•for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别二：•3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.•过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。•举例：•Isawthisfilmyesterday.•（强调看的动作发生过了。）•Ihaveseenthisfilm.•（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）•Whydidyougetupsoearly?•（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）•Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?•（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）•小窍门：当现在完成