可数名词与不可数名词专项练习名词分为可数名词(可以按个数计算)和不可数名词(不可以按个数计算)两大类。大多数名词为可数名词,有单复数之分,而不可数名词没有复数形式。1.可数名词变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种:(1)规则变化1)一般名词变复数时,直接加-s。如:book----bookspen-----penshat-----hats2)以字母-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如:bus----busesglass----glassesclass-----classesbox------boxesfox------foxeswatch------watchesbrush-----brushesdish------disheswish------wishes3)以-f,-fe结尾的,把f,fe变为v,再加-es。如:leaf-----leaveshalf-----halvesself-----selveswife-----wivesknife-----kniveswolf------wolvesshelf------shelvesthief------thieveslife------lives可把以上九个以-f,-fe结尾的词串成这样的一句口诀记忆:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。注意:有些词虽然也是以-f结尾,但复数形式却是直接加-s。如:roof(屋顶)-----roofsbelief(信仰)------beliefsproof(证据)------proofshandkerchief(手帕)------handkerchiefs4)以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加-es。如:family-----familieslady-----ladiescity------cities5)以-o结尾的,有时加-es,有时加-s1)有生命的+es读音:[z]如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的+s如:photo-photosradio-radios加-es的可串成口诀记忆:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)。注意:千克的复数形式为kilos。如:Iweight52kilos.我的体重是52公斤。Man,woman和其他名词构成的复合名词变复数时,Man/woman与它后面的名词一起变为复数形式。(2)不规则变化有些名词变复数时属于不规则变化,这种变化是通过改变单词中的某个字母或在词尾加后缀构成的。1)改a为e型:man------menwoman------womenEnglishman------EnglishmenEnglishwoman-------EnglishwomenFrenchman-------FrenchmenFrenchwoman------Frenchwomenpoliceman------policemenpolicewoman------policewomen2)改oo为ee型:foot------feettooth------teethgoose------geese3)在词尾加-ren。如:child------children4)其他特殊变化。如:mouse-----mice有一些名词则只有复数形式:scales天平,trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤,glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,pliers钳子,clips剪子“某国人的复数有三种类型:(1)Chinese,Japanese,Swiss三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把man变为men;(3)其他各国人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans,Australians,Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆:中日不变,英法变,其s加后面。2.不可数名词及其量的表示法:(1)不可数名词包括:物质名称:食物:breadmeatricecheesefishbeef饮料:milkwatercolacoffeewinetea自然物质:airsoilsandwood抽象名词:情感:lovepeacefriendshipjoyhappiness概念:exerciseknowledgeenergypopulation学科:mathgeographyphysicschemistry(2)不可数名词的量的表示法:不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般需要将其量化。可以通过“基数词+计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念,只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如:apieceofpaper一张纸tenpiecesofpaper十张纸acupofcoffee一杯咖啡twocupsofcoffee两杯咖啡apieceofnews一条消息twopiecesofnews两条消息adropofink一滴墨水threedropsofink三滴墨水abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶fivebottlesofmilk五瓶牛奶abagofrice一袋大米twentybagsofrice二十袋大米(3)可数名词与不可数名词的区别及其应用:1)可数名词单数可用冠词a/an修饰,复数可用基数词及some,any,few,afew,many,alotof等来修饰。不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰,需用“基数词+计量词+of”结构,也可用some,any,little,alittle,muchalotof来修饰。2)用howmany询问可数名词数量的多少。用howmuch询问不可数名词数量的多少。3)单个单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;多个单数名词或复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数。不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。但当其前有“基数词+计量词+of”时,谓语动词依计量词而定。特别提醒:有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但两种情况下的含义是不同的。如fish作可数名词表示“不同种类的鱼”,作不可数名词表示“鱼,鱼肉”。一,将下列的名词变成复数形式。1.book___________________2.duck___________________3.house___________________4.orange___________________5.class___________________6.box___________________7.watch___________________8.child___________________9.city___________________10.factory___________________11.mouse___________________12.family___________________13.hero___________________14.potato___________________15.tomato___________________16.photo___________________17.piano___________________18.knife___________________19.leaf___________________20.life___________________21.tooth___________________22.sheep___________________23.foot___________________24.policeman___________________25.man___________________26.woman___________________二,词组翻译一个洋葱____________________________六个西红柿_____________________________两杯咖啡____________________________三茶匙调料_____________________________十瓶酸奶____________________________四片面包_______________________________六位女医生__________________________五名男学生_____________________________三.请归类可数名词和不可数名词,把该单词的编号写在相应的位置上。A.bookB.milkC.riceD.bunE.soupF.waterG.teaH.hamburgerI.breadJ.moneyK.paperL.deskM.toyN.babyO.seasonP.eggQ.coffeeR.computerS.treeT.meatU.porkV.toothW.roomX.penY.beefZ.chair1.可数:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.不可数:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四.选择填空。1.Theycomefromdifferent______________.A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys2.Howmany______________doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato3.Theyare______________.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher4.wouldyoulike______________,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwaterD.twoglassesofwaters5.Therearesome______________inthese______________.A.knifespencil-boxesB.knivespencil-boxC.knivespencil-boxD.knivespencil-boxes6.There_________twoslicesofchickenonthetableandthere__________somerelishontheslices.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are7.Pour_________yogurtintotheglass,andthenmixthemup.A.threeB.threeteaspoonofC.threeteaspoonsD.threeteaspoonsof8.Turkeyisdelicious,butdon’teattoomuchof_________.A.itB.itsC.themD.they9.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.ChinesesB.EnglishmanC.JapaneseD.American五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1.Thissheepiswhite._______________________________________________