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GeneralEnglishAdmissionTestForNon-EnglishMajorPh.D.program(HarbinInstituteofTechnology)PassageOneQuestions1-7arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleastoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview,geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated,andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetect:thesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology.B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory.C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsD.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery2.Accordingtopassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystemsAwereformedfrommetamorphicfluids.BoriginatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesCwereformedfromalluvialdepositsDgenerallyhavesurfaceexpression3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?ASurveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwobillionyearsago.BLimitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedformmetamorphicfluid.CUsinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.DUsinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?AThenumberofgolddiscovermadeannuallyhasincreasedbetweenthetimeoftheoriginalgoldrushesandthepresentBNewdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralizationCItisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.DModernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingiseasiesttodetect?AAgold-quartzveinsystemoriginatinginmagmaticfluids.BAgold-quartzveinsystemoriginatinginmetamorphicfluids.CAgolddepositthatismixedwithgranite.DAgolddepositthathasshedalluvialgold.6.ThetheorymentionedinlineIrelatestotheconceptualmodelsdiscussedinthepassageinwhichofthefollowingways?AItmayfurnishavalidaccountofore-formingprocesses,andhence,cansupportconceptualmodelsthathavegreatpracticalsignificance.BItsuggeststhatcertaingeologicalformations,longbelievedtobemineralized,areinfactmineralizedthusconfirmingcurrentconceptualmodels.C.ItsuggeststhattheremaynotbeenoughsimilarityacrossArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemstowarranttheformulationofconceptualmodels.DItcorrectsexistingtheoriesaboutthechemicalhalosofgolddeposits,andthusprovidesabasisforcorrectingcurrentconceptualmodels.7.Accordingtothepassagemethodsofexploringforgoldthatarewidelyusedtodayarebasedonwhichofthefollowingfacts?AMostoftheEarth’sremaininggolddepositsarestillmolten.BMostoftheEarth’sremaininggolddepositsareexposedatthesurface.CMostoftheEarth’sremaininggolddepositsareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpressionDOnlyonetypeofgolddepositwarrantsexploration.sincetheothertypesofgolddepositsarefoundinregionsdifficulttoreachPassageTwoQuestions8-15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inchoosingamethodfordeterminingclimaticconditionsthatexistedinthepast,paleoclimatologistsinvokefourprincipalcriteria.First,thematerial—rocks,lakes,vegetation,etc.—onwhichthemethodreliesmustbewidespreadenoughtoprovideplentyofinformation,sinceanalysisofmaterialthatisrarelyencounteredwillnotpermitcorrelationwithotherregionsorwithotherperiodsofgeologicalhistory.Secondinthepro