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焦作工学院自编教材专业英语安全工程专业（矿山通风、安全和健康方向）郝天轩高建良编安全科学与工程学院二零零三年九月ContentsPartⅠMineVentilationLesson1IntroductiontoMineVentilation··················································-1-Lesson2EnergyChangesinFluidFlow····················································-5-Lesson3FaceVentilation······································································-7-Lesson4MechanicalVentilation····························································-11-Lesson5MineVentilationSystems·························································-15-Lesson6FundamentalsofVentilationNetworkAnalysis·······························-19-PartⅡMineSafetyLesson7MineGases··········································································-24-Lesson8Coalseammethane·································································-28-Lesson9OpenFires···········································································-32-Lesson10SpontaneousCombustion························································-35-Lesson11MethodsofDustControl·························································-1-Lesson12MineDrainage·····································································-4-Lesson13MineRescueOperations··························································-8-Lesson14SurvivalProgram·································································-11-PartⅢMineHealthLesson15HearingLossamongMinersandMeasurestoProtectHearing············-14-Lesson16HeatIllness········································································-18-Lesson17ColdEnvironments·······························································-22-PartⅣNewTechniquesandProgressLesson18InteractiveVentilationHazardAssessmentandTrainingUsingComputationalFluidDynamicsandVirtualReality·······················-1-Lesson19DustMonitoringandControl····················································-6-Lesson20ApparatusforMeasuringtheGasContentofCoalorRockCoreSamples··································································-8-附录科技翻译例句…………………………………………………………………………………-44--1-PartⅠMineVentilationLESSON1IntroductiontoMineVentilation[教学内容]Introduction、PurposesofMineVentilation、HistoricalDevelopment、PropertiesofAir[教学目的]通过该部分学习，要求学生熟记Mineventilation、dilute、contaminant、exhaustshaft、colliery、trapper、moisturecontent等专业词汇，达到英文与中文相互熟练翻译的程度；深入理解PurposesofMineVentilation、PropertiesofAir等内容，达到熟练阅读和正确、通顺地翻译的程度；了解HistoricalDevelopment等内容，达到比较熟练和比较通顺翻译的程度。[教学重点、难点]purposesofMineVentilation、PropertiesofAir[课时安排]1[授课方法]讲授与讨论相结合IntroductionMineventilationinvolvesthecontroloftheatmosphericenvironment.Thisrequirescontroloftheairqualityandairmovementtosatisfytherequirementsforthehealth,safetyandcomfortofmineworkers.Minimumstandardsaresetoutinthevariousstatesminesregulation.Somearedescriptive,specifyingthestandardsrequired(eg.Victoria),andsomeareprescriptive,detailingexactlyhowthestandardsaretobeachieved(eg.W.A.).setoutTolayoutsystematicallyandgraphically:生动形象地摆出：setoutaterrace.画出地形矿山通风涉及到对大气环境的控制。这需要控制空气的质量和运动，以满足矿工的健康、安全和舒适性要求。（※翻译技巧：正反处理法）许多州的矿山条例中都提出了（关于空气的质量和运动方面的）最低标准。有些是叙述性的，指明必需的标准（例如，维多利亚加拿大港市)。有些是说明性的，详细严密地叙述如何达到这些标准（例如）PurposesofMineVentilationProperlyengineeredcontrolofthemineatmosphereisrequiredto:·providefreshair(oxygen)formentobreathe·provideasourceofoxygenforinternalcombustionenginesinmachinery·diluteatmosphericcontaminantstoacceptablelevels·maintaintemperatureandhumiditywithinacceptablelimits·removeatmosphericcontaminantsfromthemine.engineervt设计Theroadisverywellengineered.这条路设计得很好。策划Hisenemiesengineeredhisruin.敌人图谋毁灭他。Theminister'senemiesengineeredhisruin.部长的敌人密谋陷害他。矿山通风的目标（※翻译技巧：拆句译法）从工程技术来讲，正确控制矿山空气需要：-2-·提供新鲜的空气（氧气）工，供人呼吸·提供氧气来源，供给各种机械上的内燃机。·稀释空气中的污染物，以达到允许标准·保持空气的温度和湿度在容许的界限内·除去空气当中来自矿山的污染物。HistoricalDevelopmentMineventilationistwofoldinpurpose:first,itmaintainslife,andsecondlyitcarriesoffdangerousgases.Thehistoricroleofventilationwastoprovideaflowoffreshairsufficienttoreplacetheoxygenconsumedbytheminersworkingunderground.矿山通风的目标有两部分内容：首先，维持生命；其次，带走有毒的气体。矿山通风在历史上重要的角色是提供足量的新鲜空气，以代替井下工作的矿工所消耗的氧气。注：Historic和historical尽管在意义上有重叠的地方，但用法上有区别。Historic指历史上有重要意义的：thehistoricfirstvoyagetoouterspace而且也用于形容那些因与历史事件或人物有联系而有名或有趣的事物：ahistorichouse.Historical是指不管重要与否而在过去存在的所有事物：ahistoricalcharacter.Historical也指与历史或对过去的研究有关的事物：ahistoricalnovel;但这两个词并不是截然不同的。它们经常可换用。historicadj.历史上著名的,有历史性的historicaladj.历史(上)的,有关历史的Today'smineventilationprimarilydealswithnoxiousgases(mainlygeneratedbytracklessequipmentunderground).现今，矿山通风主要对付有害的气体（主要由无轨设备产生）。注：不太确切，诚然一些无轨设备会产生一些有害气体（如井下的蓄电池充电时可释放出氢气），但大部分有害气体产生于生产过程中，如爆破作业等。Inthepast,miningoccurrednearthesurfacewherenaturallightandventilationwasavailable.Fireswereusedtodrawfreshairintothemineandexhaustshaftsventedthehotsmokeoutofthemine.过去，采矿业产生在地表附近，可利用自然光和通风。人们用火驱动新鲜空气进入井下，出风井把烟排出井外。LongbeforecoalwasminedinNorthAmerica,collieriesinEuropeweresunkwithdualentrances;onethroughwhichairflowedintothemineandanotherthroughwhichairflowedout.Initially,mineventilationwasassistedbyundergroundfurnaces,whichusedthepracticalprinciplethattheupdraftofafir