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1GrammaroftheInversion（Module5Unit4）倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。倒装分两种情况:1)将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，2)只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。并且强调性倒装和以so，neither，nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、倒装句的意义1.用倒装构成疑问句,适应一定的语法结构的需要。e.g.MayIcomein？WasthePeople'sLiberationArmyfoundedin1927？2.为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g.NeverhaveIbeenlateforschoolthisterm.Soearlydidhecometoschoolthatnootherstudentscame.二、倒装的用法完全倒装1.在“therebe”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。e.g.Thereisaboxonthetable.Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.2.为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如here,there,now,then,,thus,up，down，out，off,over,away，in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前,在here，there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）。e.g.Theregoesthebell.Hereisanappleforyou.Thereshecomes.(人称代词倒装)e.g.Awayhurriedtheboy.Outrushedthegirl.Awayshewentwithtearsinhereyes.Ex：Out____,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrushEx：There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe3.为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，常把表示地点的介词短语(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)放在句首用时,,要用完全倒装,该结构不需加助动词。构成:1)表(介短)+系+主;2)状(介短)+谓动+主.如:Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground.Eastofthetownliesabeautifullake.InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.Outsidethedoctor’sclinicweretwentypatients.Ex：Underabigtree________,halfasleep.A.didsatafatmanB.afatmansatC.didafatmansatD.satafatman4.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g.Verywell，saidtheFrenchstudent.2Bringmetwoeggsandacupoftea，please.hesaid.()5.“表语(代词such)+be+主语结构。如:Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.Suchwereherwords.Suchwastheresult.部分倒装1.在疑问句中。e.g.Isshesingingintheclassroom？Whatdoesyourmotherdo？2.重复倒装句型，用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor，neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g.IamwatchingTV.Soisshe.Myparentsdidn'twatchTVlastnight.Neither（Nor）didI.Sheisbusydoingherhomework.Soisherbrother.Youpassedtheexam.SodidI.Hedoesn’tlikeshopping.Neitherdoi.Hecan’tspeakanyforeignlanguage.Norcanhisfather.注意:表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用soitiswith…Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears.Soitiswithhisaunt.Ex：1)Idon'tknowhowtoswim,____.A.andmysisterdoesn'tneitherB.normysistercanC.nordoesmysisterD.andmysisterdoeseither2)She'spassedthetest.____.A.SoamIB.SohaveIC.SoIhaveD.AlsoIhave3）——DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?——Idon'tknow,___.A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealso注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\的确如此\。例如：TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。---It\'sraininghard.---Soitis.雨下得真大。是呀。3.在以hardly(scarcely),never,not,little,few，seldom,nowhere，no,no-等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g.Littledidhesayatthemeeting.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Notoncedidwevisitthecityofourown.SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson.NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.从未见过如此糟糕的表演。Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Ex.---Whycan\'tIsmokehere?-----Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit比较：IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Ex：32)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,________anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen4.用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowrk.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g.OnlyWangLiliknowsthis.onlyOnlyafewyoungmenwenttothetheatre.（修饰主语时则不用倒装）Ex：1)Onlyinthisway___makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto2)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3)Onlyafterliberation___tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theyhadbegunC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun5.在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were，had和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g.HadItime（=IfIhadtime），Iwouldgoandhelpyou.WereIyou（=IfIwereyou），Iwouldgoabroad.Shouldhecome（=Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.6.as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语）。e.g.Proudastheyare，theyareafraidtoseeme.Childasheis，heseemstoknoweverything.（child前不加冠词）Hardasheworded，hemadelittleprogress.Muchasshelikeshim,shedoesn’tlovehim.Ex：________,he'shonest.A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe_____,heknowsalotofthings.A.AchildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasisheD.Childasishe7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g.Mayyousucceed！LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina！8.So+形容词、副词及such置于句首时要倒装。Sohappydidhefeel.Suchwasme.Suchagoodgirlisshe.Suchdeliciousfooddidhecook.9.固定搭配hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。(主倒从不到)Hardly(Scarcely)hadhereachedthestationwhenthetrainstarted.Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.Nosoonerhadhearrived