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徐慊郑日昌!∀;;;::A:1000-6729(2007)06-00424-04(resiliency),Rutter:,[1],120,,,,:,,()##Anthony70:,,∃%(invulnerablechild)[2],(atrisk)[3],,∃%∃%80,,2,(invulnerability)(coping)(stressresistance)[4],,:###∃%∃%Howard[5];Turner,,[6]Rutter[7],,Masten[8],Rutter[9],:Resiliency,egoresiliency,Resilience,(protectivefactors)-[10],,[11]:[12,13][14]::[15],;,Barbara∃%[16],1,,424ChineseMentalHealthJourna,lVol21,NO6,2007445,1008751,()();,()(),,,(),,,331Garmezy[17]:(ImmunityModel),,,--;(ChallengeModel),;(CompensationModel),,,Barnard[18]:,,,,,[19]32(FAARModel),,,JPatterson1988[20],,;,,,,,,,,&∋∃%()[21],,∃%,,,,,,:33JamesPC(2),()[21]42520072162:()(),;,(),,,,∃%,,,4,;,WagnildYoung,BlockKremenConnorDavidson(CDRISC)[22]2005()[23]:SpringerPhilip;Bartone,;Constantine;Friborg,551[24][25][26][27,28],,,MosheI1354[29]52:()[30][31][32]53,,,[33][34]54,[35-37],,,,,,,,1RutterMPsychologicalresilienceandprotectivemechanismsAmJofOrthopsychiat,1987,57(3):316-3312AnthonyEJThesyndromeofthepsychologicallyinvulnerablechildInAnthonyE,KoupernickCTheChildinHisFamilyNY:Wiley,1974,3:5293,2004,10:132-1344JewCL,GreenKE,KrogerJDevelopmentandvalidationofameasureofresiliencyMeasurement&EvaluationinCounseling&Decelopment,1999,32:75-905HowardDESearchingforresilienceamongAfricanAmericanyouthexposedtocommunityviolience:theoreticalissuesJournalofAdolescentHealth,1996,18(4):254-2626TurnerSGResilienceandsocialworkpractice:ThreecasestudiesFamilyinsociety,2001,82(5):441-4487RutterMPsychosocialresilienceandprotectivemechanismsInJRolfAS,MastenD,CicchettiKHRiskandprotectivefactorsinthedevelopmentofpsychopathologyCambridgeUniversityPress,1990426ChineseMentalHealthJourna,lVol21,NO6,20078MastenAS,BestKM,GarmenyNResilienceandDevelopment:ContributionFromtheStudyofChildrenWhoOvercomeAdversityDevelopmentandPsychopathology,1990(2):425-4449NettlesSM,PleckJHRisk,Resilienceanddevelopment:ThemultipleecologiesofblackadolescentsintheUnitedStatesNewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1994:15710WilliamRBTheroleofselfunderstandinginresilienceindividuals:ThedevelopmentofaperspectiveAmericanjournalofOrthopsychiatry,1989,59:266-27811EmmyEWHighriskchildreninyoungadulthood:Alongitudinalstudyfrombirthto32yearsAmericanJournalofOrthopsychiatry,1989,59:72-8112ConnorKM,DavidsonJR,LeeLC,etalSpirituality,ResilienceandAngerinSurvivorsofViolentTrauma:ACommunitySurveyJournalofTraumaticStress,2003,16(5):487-49413HippeJSelfAwareness:APrecursortoresiliencyReclaimingChildrenandYouth,2004,12(4):240-24214DennisSCPsychobiologicalMechanismsofResilienceandVulnerability:ImplicationsforsuccessfuladaptationtoextremestressTheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry,2004,161(2):195-21615LaubJH,NaginDS,SampsonRJTrajectoriesofchangeincriminaloffending:GoodmarriagesandthedesistanceprocessAmericanSociologicalReview,1998,63:225-23516MandelcoBL,PeeryJCAnorganizationalframeworkforconceptualizingresilienceinchildrenJournalofChildandAdolescentPsychiatricNursing,2000,3(13):99-11117GarmezyN,MastenAS,TellegenCThestudyofStressandCompetenceinChildren:ABuildingBlockforDevelopmentalPsychologyChildDevelopment,1984,55:97-11118BarnardCPResiliency:AshiftinourperceptionTheAmericanJournalofFamilyTherapy,1994,22(2):135-14419RutterMResilienceconceptsandfindings:implicationsforfamilytherapyJournalofFamilyTherapy,1999,21:119-14420PattersonJFamiliesexperiencingstress:ThefamilyadjustmentandadaptationresponsemodelFamilySystemsMedicine,1988,5(2):202-23721ConnellJP,SpecerMB,AberJLEducationalriskandResilienceinAfricanAmericanyouth:context,sel,factionandoutcomesinschoolChilddevelopment,1994,65(2):493-50622,(resilience)-,2005,13(5):650-66523,,2006,14(5):539-54124HoaseJE,HeineySP,RuccioneKS,etalResearchtriangulationtoderivemeaningbasedqualityoflifetheory:AdolescentresiliencemodelandinstrumentdevelopmentIntJCancer,1999,Supplement(12):125-13125YiJP,SmithRE,VitalianoPPStressresilience,illness,andcoping:ApersonfocusedinvestigationofyoungwomenathletesJournalofBehavioralMedicine,2005,28(3):257-26726BryanJFosteringEducationalResilienceandAchievementinUrbanSchoolsThroughSchoolFamilyCommunityPartnershipsProfessionalSchoolCounseling,2005,8(3):219-22727GardynikUM,McDonaldLImplicationsofriskandresilienceinthelifeoftheindividualwhoisGifted/LearningdisabledPoeperReview,Summer2005,27(4):206-21428MillerMResilienceelementsinstudentswithlearningdisabilitiesJournalofclinicalPsychology,2002,58(3):291-29829IsraelashviliM,WegmanRoziOAdvancementofpreschoolers'resilience:TheAPYAprojectEarlyChildhoodEducationJourna,lWinter2003,31(2):101-10530BeitinBK,AllenKRResilienceinArabAmericancouplesafterSeptember11,2001:AsystemperspectiveJournalofMaritalandFamilyTherapy,2005,31(3):251-26731DuncanRDChildhoodmaltreatmentandcollegedropoutratesJournalofInterpersonalViolence,2000,15:987-99532ClaussEhlersCS,YangYT,ChenWCResiliencefromchildhoodStressors,Theroleofculturalresilience,ethnicidentity,andgenderidentityJournalofInfant,ChildandAdolescenctPsychotherapy,Winter2006,5(1):124-13833BarbaraSUnderstandingresilienceineducationaltrajectories:implicationsforprotectivepossibilitiesPsychologyintheSchools:2006,43(1):19-3134YinR