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高中英语语法导学案之状语从句学习目标：使学生懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词，及各类状语从句的用法，联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。学习方法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。时间状语从句when,while和as1,when,观察下面例句，总结其用法：WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.总结：从句表示的动作_________________________________,主句和从句的先后关系_______________________________________________________________________。在下列句子中，when的含义是：_____________,做为并列连词。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.WewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorainShewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang..HardlyhadIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.总结：_________________________________:_________________________________________________________________;_________________________________________________________________________________________________观察下列句子中when的含义：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?when表示条件，意思接近“在…...情况下”whenever:IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每当，每次)Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.（在任何时候）2,while,观察例句并总结用法：Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________,常用___________时。作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but________。把while的含义写在后面括号内：Whilewedidn’tagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.()Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.()Whilethereislife,thereishope.()Striketheironwhileitishot.()总结：while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_________________________________。3.as引导时间状语从句：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为________或者________________。温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while,as可互换使用。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.题组训练用while，when，as填空：①________Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.②_________Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.③________hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.④Howcanhegetgoodgrades_______hewon’tstudy?⑤Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet__________Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.⑥______thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.㈡assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner…than…,hardly(scarecely,barely)…when…这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.注意：在nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely/barely…when结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把nosooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=Hardly________________________________________________________.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.=Nosooner____________________________________________________.题组训练英译汉：Theyphonedimmediatelytheyreachedhome.____________________________________________________________________TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.______________________________________________________________________Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句时态：)________________________________________________________________________EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.________________________________________________________________________Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives._________________________________________________________表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_______________________________________.㈢tilluntil和not…untilHeremainedthereuntilshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_____________可以用于句首，而__________不可以。在强调句型中notuntil两词在一起不分开；句首时，_________要倒装。题组训练句型转换Ididn’tleaveuntilshecameback..______________shecameback_____________leave._____________notuntilshecameback________I________.㈣before,after和since1.before,在…之前：翻译下面的句子：Lookbeforeyouleap.___________________________________________Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy._________________________________________________把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.（）Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.（）Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（）BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme（）before构成的固定句型，看例句总结：Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Itwillbe+_________before(谓语动词用_____________________)Itwas+____________before(谓语动词用____________________)2.since：IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是___________动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句时态为_______________,从句时态为_________________。从句动词若是