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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhilewesterngovernmentsworryoverthethreatofEbola,amorepervasivebutfarlessharm-ful1isspreadingthroughtheirpopulationslikeawintersniffle:mobilepersonaltechnology.Thesimilaritybetweendiseaseorganismsandpersonaldevicesis2.Virusesandotherpara-sitescontrollargerorganisms,3resourcesinordertomultiplyandspread.Smartphonesandothergadgetsdothesamething,4ever-increasingamountsofhumanattentionandelectricitysup-plied5wireumbilici.Itistemptingto6a“strategy”tobothphagesandphablets,neitherofwhichissentient.7,theprocessisevolutionary,consistingofmanyrandomevolutions,8experimentedwithbymanyproductdesigners.Thismakesitallthemorepowerful.Tech9occursthroughactively-learntresponses,or“operantconditioning”asanimalbehaviouristscallit.Thescientificparallelherealsoinvolvesarodent,typicallyarat,whichoccupiesa10cagecalledaSkinnerBox.Theanimalis11withafoodpelletforsolvingpuzzlesandpunishedwithanelectricshockwhenitfails.“Arewegettingapositiveboostofhormoneswhenwe12lookatourphone,seekingre-wards?”asksDavidShuker,ananimalbehaviouristatStAndrewsuniversity,soundingalittlelikeamanwithholdingseriousscientificendorsement13anideathatajournalisthadintheshower.Re-searchisneeded,hesays.Techtycoonswouldmeanwhile14thatthepopularityofmobiledevicesisattributedtothebrillianceoftheirdesigns.Thisispreciselywhatpeoplewhosethoughtprocesseshavebeen15byaninvasivepseudo-organismwouldbelieve.16,mobiletechnologycausessymptomslessseverethanphysiologicaldiseases.Thereareevenbenefitsto17sufferersforshortenedattentionspansandthecaffeineoverloadtriggeredbyvisitstoStarbucksforthefreeWi-Fi.Mostimportantly,youcan18theFinancialTimesinplacesasremoteasAlaskaorSidcup.Inthis19,amobiledeviceisclosertoasymbioticorganismthanaparasite.Thiswouldmakeit20toanintestinalbacteriumthathelpsapersontostayalive,ratherthanavirusthatmaykillyou.1.[A]phenomenon[B]epidemic[C]issue[D]event2.[A]striking[B]obscure[C]interesting[D]mysterious3.[A]relying[B]choosing[C]grabbing[D]using4.[A]takingover[B]feedingon[C]catchingup[D]allowingfor5.[A]with[B]over[C]to[D]via6.[A]point[B]turn[C]attribute[D]prefer7.[A]Instead[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise8.[A]which[B]as[C]that[D]where9.[A]progress[B]term[C]crisis[D]addiction10.[A]dangerous[B]special[C]large[D]funny11.[A]rewarded[B]resisted[C]resumed[D]reversed12.[A]anxiously[B]occasionally[C]happily[D]endlessly13.[A]within[B]from[C]about[D]through14.[A]support[B]approve[C]argue[D]insist15.[A]formed[B]separated[C]classified[D]modified16.[A]Surprisingly[B]Importantly[C]Fortunately[D]Regrettably17.[A]compensate[B]help[C]comfort[D]improve18.[A]share[B]obtain[C]subscribe[D]observe19.[A]part[B]sense[C]level[D]way20.[A]adaptive[B]careful[C]similar[D]captSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1RarelyhavetheChristmasresultsforBritain’ssupermarketsbeenawaitedwithsuchanxiety.Mostofthem,especiallythemarketleader,Tesco,struggledin2014.Thehard-discountstores,AldiandLidl,continuedtoundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.Asda’sboss,AndrewClarke,haswarnedofmorechallengingtimesahead.Yetthelessonfromtheseresultsisclear.Grocerswithaclearlydefinedpositioninthemarketwillcontinuetoprosper,butforthosewithoutonethereismorepaintocome.ThusWaitrose,forinstance,hasremainedres-olutelyanddistinctlyposh.Ithasrefusedtochasetheupstartdiscountersbyreducingprices,asmid-marketrivalshavedone.NatalieBergofPlanetRetail,aresearchorganizationarguesthatthekeytosurvivalinafero-ciouslycompetitivegroceriesmarketistoofferthecustomerabrandthatis“clear,targetedandcon-sistent.”Waitrose,atthetopendofthemarket,doesthiswell,asdoLidlandAldiatthebottom.Therestarestrandedinthemiddle,tryingtobeallthingstoallpeople.Thisweek,forinstance,Asda,Sainsbury’sandTescoannouncedfurtherpricecuts.Thatmightfendoffthediscountersforabit.Itwillalsomuddyperceptionsofwhotheirtargetcustomersreallyare.Butitisnotallgloomforthesupermarkets.Amoreclementeconomicenvironmentshouldhelpallofthem.Tumblingfuelpricesand—anovelty,this—risingrealwageswillputmoremoneyinshoppers’pockets.Theresultsalsodemonstratethatsupermarketsarerewardedforastronginter-netpresence.Again,Waitrosehasdonewellhere:grocerysalesthroughitsonlineservicegrewby26%overtheChristmasperiodcomparedwithayearago.Mostofthesupermarketsaretryingoutnewdigitalgizmostomakeshoppingeasier.Waitroseisexperimentingwithahome-scanningde-vicecalledHiku.ThiswillallowpeopletoscanbarcodesonWaitroseproductsathometoaddthemtotheironlineshoppingbasket.TherearegroundsforoptimismevenatTesco,arguesBryanRoberts,ananalystatKantarRe-tail.ForacoupleofyearsitsstoresinLondonhavedonebetterthanthoseintherestofthecountry.Storemanagersinthecapitalhaveenjoyedmoreautonomytofilltheirshelveswithproductssuitedtothepeoplewholiveorworkinthelocalarea.Devolutionseemssimple,buteffective.21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTAldiandLidihavedo