阅读理解猜词义

高三复习阅读理解之---词义猜测（word-guessing）一、课标要求：《高中英语课程标准》在“语言技能”部分强调高中生要能够做到“能利用上下文和句子结构猜测词义”;“能通过上下文克服生词困难，理解语篇意义”;“能根据情景和上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象”。二、考情：猜测词义已被视为高中英语词汇扩展的一个重要学习策略。近年来高考加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，题型特点与命题方式此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。三、学情：学生词汇量有限，猜测生词的方法不全面、答题技能不熟练，这就直接影响做题速度和质量。Learningaims(学习目标)•利用高考题，在具体的篇章中，通过引导学生分析、理解相关语句，总结猜测词义的具体方法。•在掌握猜词方法的基础上，通过更多的高考题篇章语境，练习强化猜词技巧，提高阅读速度、更好理解文章。Howcanyouguessthemeaningofaword?1.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myteacherwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.“圆胖的,丰满的”synonym同义词Skill1Agoodbosscantelltheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledoneseasily.“熟练的”antonym反义词Skill1通过对比和比较找出同义词、反义词(synonym)(antonym)来猜测词义解题技巧一：表示对比关系的词汇和短语:unlike，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast和similarlylike，justas，also等。1.）AndrewisoneofthemostarrogantmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitemodest.傲慢的Skill22.）Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.健谈的Skill2Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.“修剪”1．以因果关系为线索causeandeffectSkill2以因果关系为线索猜测词义causeandeffect解题技巧二：1）Tomisconsideredanindefatigableleaderbecausehealwaysworksdayandnightandneverfeelstired.adj.不知疲倦的Challengeyourself!2.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.adj.大的Challengeyourself!1.Billrankedsecondinthesemifinalof1,500meters.半决赛prefix前缀Skill32.Newresearchhasfoundthattheabilitytoquantifymaydevelopmuchsooner.（济南市一模）确定…的数量suffix后缀Skill3根据构词法（前缀prefix、后缀suffix）来猜测词义解题技巧三：以下单词都是从近年高考题中选取，猜测其词义，并按构词法将其拆分：1.nonprofit2.inappropriately3.participant4.prehistoric高考链接1.Theytookcarenottoprejudgetheissue.预先判断，过早判断2.Weshouldattachimportancetotheproblemsofchildren’snon-attendanceatschool.缺席、不到场1.Devaluemeanstoreducethevalueofthemoneyofonecountry.Skill4货币贬值根据定义（definition）来猜测词义常用提示词：bedefinedas,beknownas,becalled,mean等.解题技巧四：1.)Theterm“jamisknownasastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.陷入困境practice1.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:Reader,EnglishSalon,TeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.“期刊”以列举的事例examples为线索Skill5根据列举的事例来猜测词义解题技巧五：2.）Epochaleventssuchas（warsandgreatscientificdiscoveries）oftentakeplaceinthisarea.重大的，有历史意义的1.MydadtookalotofphotoswithhisblueKodakcamera.Hedevelopedthepictureshimselfinourbasement.A.发展B.冲洗C.加强D.培育Skill62.Sampickupsomeknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.“无意中学会”Skill6通过上下文语境来猜测词义context解题技巧六：Whatskillshavewelearnt?1.通过对比和比较找出反义词，近义词来猜测词义（synonym，antonym）2.根据因果关系猜测词义（causeandeffect）3.根据定义来猜测词义（definition）4.根据构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词义5.根据列举的事例来猜测词义（example）6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义（context）触摸高考：下面我们来做一些高考真题，只要好好运用今天所学的技巧你就会发现高考题没那么难。1.WhenAndreaPetersondidherfirstteachingjob,shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsupplies.Theunderlinedword“daunting”means__________.A.challengingB.interestingC.creativeD.easy-goingAContext结合语境法2.Ofcourse,thebenefitofoxenisnotlimitedtoplowing.Infact,theyareseenas“boatsonland”fortheirabilitytocarryloads.Thewords“boatsonland”underlinedinParagraph2referto__A.animalsforcarryinggoodsB.creaturesforpullingplowsC.treasuresofthefolkcultureD.toolsinthefarmingeconomyA因果关系causeandeffect3.Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtofather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.Forexample,theJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn.(2010江苏)A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandparternersD.latersponsors举例法2017年的高考题会是什么样子模拟高考1.Mydadoftendevelopedthephotoshimselfinourbasement.Irememberhelpinghim.Allthelightshadtobeturnedoutwhilewetransferredthenegativesfromonepantotheother.Itwasalotoffunforasmallboy.What’stheChinesemeaningof“negatives”?A.负的B.底片C.消极的D.拒绝的2.Apollof1000parentssurveyedsaidtheirtopconcernwastheirdaughters’education.Girlstendtooutperformboysintheireducation,andthismayleadschoolstoassumeallgirlswilldobetterthanboysinstudy.Theword“outperform”means___.A.getalongwellwithB.fallbehindC.dobetterthanD.competewithC因果关系法3.China’sconsumerpriceindex(CPI),ameasureofinflation(通货膨胀),roseby0.6percentsinceJanuary2009.Thereleaseofthesenumberscausedtalkaboutpossibleinflation.•Howtotranslatetheunderlinedword?A.释放B.减轻C.发布D.解除context语境法practice+skills=success1.复习今天所学的猜词技巧2.完成“触摸高考”部分的剩余练习题Homework