nanotechnology-based-drug-delivery纳米药物递送

20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics1NanotechnologyBasedDrugDeliveryDr.BasavarajK.NanjwadeM.Pharm.,Ph.DAssociateProfessorDepartmentofPharmaceuticsJNMedicalCollegeKLEUniversityBelgaum-59001020/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics2ApplicationsofNanotechnology20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics3TargetedDrugDelivery20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics4NanoparticlesforDrugDeliveryMetal-basednanoparticlesLipid-basednanoparticlesPolymer-basednanoparticlesBiologicalnanoparticles20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics5NanobiopharmaceuticalsInbiopharmaceuticals,inadditiontothemaintechnologiescovered-liposomal,monoclonalantibody-based,andpolymer-basedtechnologieshostofnewertechnologiessuchasnanoparticlesincludingvariousnanodimensionalentitiessuchasmolecularimprintedpolymers,metallofullerenes,prodrugdelivery,oral,injectableandimplantable,pulmonary,andtransdermalandtransmucosaldeliveryhavecomeup.20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics6DrugDeliveryTechnologyImportanttoPharmaIndustryDrugdeliveryformulationsinvolvelowcostresearchcomparedthatfordiscoveryofnewmolecule,Minimizingthedrugusewouldsignificantlyreducetheeffectivecostofdrugwhichwouldgivefinancialrelieftothepatients,20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics7Deliverysystemsincreasecommercialopportunitybydistinguishingadrugfromcompetitivethreatsposedby“metoo”drugsandNovelmeansofdeliveryparticularlyusingnano-carriers,canallowbrandeddrugstoberescuedfromabyssofgenericcompetition(maybecalled“resurrectionofdrug”).DrugDeliveryTechnologyImportanttoPharmaIndustry20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics8SOMESIGNIFICANTACHIEVEMENTSOFNANODEVICESDevelopmentofonedoseadayciprofloxacinusingnanotechnologyTumortargetedtaxoldeliveryusingnanoparticlesinPhase2clinicaltrialstageImprovedophthalmicdeliveryformulationusingsmarthydrogelnanoparticlesOralinsulinformulationusingnanoparticlescarriers.LiposomalbasedAmphotericinBformulation20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics9CHALLENGESPreventionofdrugfrombiologicaldegradationEffectiveTargetingPatientComplianceCosteffectivenessProductlifeextension20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics10PRIORITYAREASCancerNanotechnology(i)DiagnosisusingQuantumDots(ii)TumorTargetedDelivery(iii)Imaging(iv)CancerGeneTherapy20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics11PRIORITYAREASDNAVaccinesforparasitic,bacterialandviraldiseasesOralandpulmonaryroutesforsystemicdeliveryofproteinsandpeptidesNanotechnologyinTissueEngineering20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics12DrugDeliveryCarriers20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics13TargetingLigands20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics14Liposome's20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics15Liposome'sTheirexteriorlipidbilayerisverychemicallyreactive,therebyprovidingameanstoconvenientlycouple“tags”onacovalentbasis.Such“tags”canbeantibodies,antigens,cellreceptors,nucleicacidprobes,etc.Thisprovidessignificantversatilityinassayformats(i.e.,immunoassay,receptor-based,nucleicacidprobe,etc.)possible.Withdiametersranginginsizefromapproximately50nmto800nm,theiraqueouscoreencapsulatesuptomillionsofmoleculesofsignalgenerating“markers”thatcanbedetectedinavarietyofdifferentway.Avarietyofdifferentencapsulantsarepossibleincludingvisuallydetectabledyes(sincethelipidbilayeristransparent),opticallyandfluorometricallydetectabledyes,enzymes,andelectroactivecompounds.Thisprovidessignificantversatilityinthedetectionschemespossible.20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics16Niosomes20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics17NiosomesNiosomes,non-ionicsurfactantvesicles,arewidelystudiedasanalternativetoliposomesThesevesiclesappeartobesimilartoliposomesintermsoftheirphysicalpropertiesTheyarealsopreparedinthesamewayandunderavarietyofconditions,fromunilamellarormultilamellarstructures.Niosomesalleviatethedisadvantagesassociatedwithliposomes,suchaschemicalinstability,variablepurityofphospholipidsandhighcost.TheyhavethepotentialforcontrolledandtargateddrugdeliveryNiosomesenhancedthepenetrationofdrugs20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics18Nanopowder20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics19NanopowderNanopowdersarepowderscomposedofnanoparticles,thatisparticleshavinganaveragediameterbelow50nanometers(nm).Ajarofatruenanopowderwhenemptiedfromchestheighttotowardthefloorwilldisperseintotheairbeforereachingthefloor.Mostmanufacturersof“nanopowders”producemicropowderassembliesofnanoparticlesbutthepowderitselfisrarelyananopowder.Suchcompoundshavetwoormoredifferentcations(positivelychargedelements)intheirchemicalformula.Anexampleofacomplexcompoundiscalciumtitanate(CaTiO3).20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics20Nanocluster20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics21NanoclusterOneofthecentralthemesinnanoscienceresearchistosynthesizehighqualitynanoparticleswithprecisecontroloverparticlesize,shape,structure,andcomposition.Forinorganicnanoparticles(e.g.metalandsemiconductor),tworegimesareofparticularinterest,thatis,nanoclustersinasizerangefromsubnanometerto~2nmandnanocrystals(typically2-100nm).20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics22Nanocrystals20/03/2008Dept.ofPharmaceutics23NanocrystalsWhenthesizeofthematerialisreducedtolessthan100nanometers,therealmofquantumphysicstakesoverandmaterialsbegintodemonstrateentirelynewproperties.Nano-designofdrugsbyvarioustechniqueslikem