专四虚拟语气题目及讲解

虚拟语气回顾历年真题虚拟语气讲解1、It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou__now.A、leftB、leaveC、areleavingD、willleaveWouldrather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事，从句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意区分wouldrather其它两个惯用句式：wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”；wouldratherdo…thando…“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”2.Itisnecessarythathe__theassignmentwithoutdelayA.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin考查的是虚拟语气。“It+be+a.+that”从句，that引导的主语从句谓语动词常用should+动词原形。用于该句型的形容词有necessary,good,important，right，wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising等。3、Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English__mucheasiertolearn.A、couldhaveseenB、wouldbeC、willbeD、wouldhavebeen本体表示与现在事实相反的假设。表示与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去式，主句使用should(would)+动词原形。A项couldhavebeen是对过去事实的假设、与从句所表示的现在事实不符合；C项wil不用于虚拟语气中；D项是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。4.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she__muchbetterresultsnow.A.WouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.Wouldget条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用couldhavegot.而不是wouldget.5.Ifonlythepatient__adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceivingifonly常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中。由于所提事实与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。6.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might考察虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。Ifonly从意义和语法上都相当于Iwish，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用would/coulddo表示将来的期望。A项侧重人的意愿，B项指人的能力。7.It’shightimewe__cuttingdowntherainforests.A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stopIt’s(high)time(that)后面的从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形，且should不可省略。8.__you__furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.incase,had本句表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟：Shouldyouhavefurtherproblems其实是从Ifyoushouldhavefurtherproblems转化而来的哦，通常这类从句后面，主句的谓语用祈使语气或陈述语气。Incase“万一，以防”，后面一般跟现在时或者should+动词原形。9.__ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehandA.wouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised错综非真实条件句。在通常情况下，非真实条件句如果使用的过去完成式，主句通常用would+动词的过去完成式，表示对与过去事实相反的情况的遐想。但在这句里，主从句用在了直接疑问句里，是说话者的现场提问，显然是询问被疑问者的当时感受，因此，采用would+动词现在时态。10.__forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnotmighthavepassed,说明本句内容与过去事实相反，所以从句应该使用过去完成时。Haditnotbeenfor用于虚拟语气也表示要不是，要是没有，是ifitwerenotfor的倒装形式，但主句内容应与现在或将来事实相反，如：Wereitnotforhim,youwouldn’tgetanywhere.虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+dowere(不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+havedonehaddone与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+doshoulddo/weretodo(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,requireinsist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote。如：Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.Imovethathebedischargedforhisseriousmistake.(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如：Theboarddeemiturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.Itisessentialthatallthesefiguresbecheckedtwice.(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding。如：JohnWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentativebesenttotheconferenceonschedule3.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：(1)连词but,butthat,or,orelse；副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如：ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.4.常用虚拟形式的句型(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：wouldratherwouldassoonasthoughsuppose…hadratherwouldsoonerasifsupposing…Ifonly…Itis(high)timethat…(从句中动词只用过去式)如：Hiswifewouldrathertheydidn’ttalkaboutthematteranymore.I’dratheryouwentbytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.IfIw