1Unit1Wisemeninhistory(1)第一课基础知识点一、★必记单词goldenadj.金的;金色的Olympicsn.[pl.]奥运会agreementn.同意;应允potn.罐doubtv.不能肯定;对……没把握realadj.真的;正宗的truthn.真相;实情seemv.好像;似乎solvev.解决;处理fillv.装满;注满bowln.碗;盆braveadj.勇敢的;无畏的metaln.金属certainadj.确定的;肯定的prisonn.监狱;牢狱hitv.(hit,hit)(用手或器具)击;打correctadj.准确无误的;正确的mistaken.错误lessdet.(与不可数名词连用)较少的;更少的二、★常考短语inancientGreece在古希腊(be)happywith(对某人或事物)满意的=bepleased/satisfiedwithfill…with…用……把……装满thinkabout=consider考虑;思考befilledwith=befullof充满;装满runover溢出gostraightto“直奔,直接去……”eachother互相;彼此asksbforsth向某人要某物one…theother…一个…另一个…sendsbtoprison把某人关进监狱tellthetruth说实话makesure确保;设法保证somethingelse别的东西both…and………和……都……payattentionto(to为介词)leavesbalone不打扰某人;不惊动某人(leavemealone)not…anylonger=nolongersendsthtosb-=sendsb.sth把某物寄/送给某人bemadeof+看得见的原材料由……制成cut……up切割开;切碎bemadefrom+看不见的原材料由……制成take……off领走;带走;使……离开bemadeby+sb.被某人制成atthebeginningof在……的开头三、常用句型:1.as…asonecan尽可能,相当于as……aspossible2.hitsb.in/on+the+身体部位,打某人的某个部位(身体部位较硬或凸起,用on;部位较软或下凹,用in)3.oneofthe+adj最高级+可数名词复数最……的……之一4.trytodosth.试图做某事,尽力做某事5.itisbelievedthat……26.be(not)allowedtodosth(不)被允许做某事7.get……todosth让/使……做某事8.starttodosth开始做某事四、辨析1.辨析:win与beatWin(won,won)及物动词宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等名词Hewontheargument.不及物动词意为“获胜”Whowon?hewon.Beat(beat,beaten)及物动词意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象ChinabeattheUnitedStatesbytwotoone.不及物动词意为“(风雨)等拍打;(心脏)跳动”Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.2.辨析:else与otherelse副词用于不定代词(anything,something,nothing等)、疑问词(what,who,where)后other形容词或代词做形容词时,放在名词前作定语;作代词时,常与定冠词the连用,构成one…theother,表示(两者中)一个……另外一个Eg:whoelsewillgowithus?Wherearetheotherstudents?Ihavetwopens,oneisred,andtheotherisblue.3.辨析:discover与invent这两个词都用作及物动词,都指人们首先见到新鲜事物,但含义不同。Recentlytheydiscoveredgold.最近他们发现了黄金。Edisoninventedtheelectriclightbulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。4.辨析:atfirst与firstofallAtfirstIdidn'twanttogo,butIsoonchangedmymind.起初我不想去,可是不久我改变了主意。Firstofall,openthewindows,thenturnoffthegas,andifnecessary,callanambulance.首先,打开窗子,然后关掉煤气,如果需要,叫一辆救护车。discover发现指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西invent发明指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西atfirst起初;当初相当于atthebeginning,与后来发生的事相对照,其反义词组为atlast(最后,终于)firstofall首先,第一相当于first,表示顺序,是时间上或一系列行动的开始,后面往往接next,then等35.辨析:however与but二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其区别如下:however然而;不过比较正式,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;其前面或后面要用逗号隔开,如在句中,其前后都要加逗号。but但是转折的意味比however要强,从语序上看,but总是置于引出的分句之首。It'sraininghard,however,they'restillworkinginthefield.雨下得很大,然而他们仍然在地里干活。I'dliketogoswimmingwithyou,butIhavetotidythegardennow.我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我现在必须整理花园。6.辨析:real与true7..辨析:bemadeof与bemadefrom【中考﹒链接】Booksaremadepaperwhilepaperismainlymade_____wood.A.of;ofB.from;fromC.of;fromD.from;of8.辨析:not……anylonger/nolonger与not…anymore/nomorenot……anylonger/nolonger:多指时间上不再延续,与之搭配的词多为延续性动词。not…anymore/nomore侧重程度或在数量上不再增加Idon’twanttostayhereanymore.Thepoorboywon’tcomeanymore./thepoorboywillnomorecome.9.辨析:seesbdoingsth与seesbdosthseesbdoingsth看到某人正在做某事Isawhercrosstheroad.(穿过了马路)seesbdosth看到某人做了某事,指看到动作发生的全过程或看到动作经常发生Isawhercrossingtheroad(正在过马路)与此相同的词(组):watch,hear,notice,observe,lookat,listento10.辨析:thenextday与nextdaythenextday第二天,常与一般过去式连用Thenextday,allthebooksweresoldout.real强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的,即某物外表与实质之间有一致性ChristmasFatherisn'tarealperson.圣诞老人不是真实的人物。true强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰、捏造的,符合一定标准、一定模式Isittruethatheisdead?他死了,是真的吗?bemadeof看得出原材料Thetableismadeofwood.这张桌子是由木头做成的bemadefrom看不出原材料Thewineismadefromgrain.这酒是用粮食酿造的。4nextday明天,常与一般将来时连用Nextday,Iwillgoshoppingwithhim.11.辨析:dress,wear,puton,haveon与indress给(某人)穿衣服表动作后接sb./oneself作宾语shedressedhimselfquickly.wear穿着表状态后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词wewearuniformsatschool.puton穿上表动作后接衣服,鞋帽等名词pleaseputonyourhat.haveon穿着表状态接衣服类名词,宾语是代词时,放中间,不用进行时Ihaveonapairofjeanstoday.in穿着表状态后接表颜色或衣服的名词he’salwaysingreenshoes.助记:穿戴动作puton,状态wear已穿上;dress接人作宾语,in后颜色或衣裳12.辨析:usedtodosth,beusedtodosth,与beusedtodoingsthUsedtodosth.过去常常做某事Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.Beusedtodosth被用来做某事Theroomisusedtohaveameetingbe/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事Youwillsoonbe/getusedtolivinginthecity.13.辨析:throughoveracrossThrough穿过;通过指从空间内部穿过Thetrainpassedthroughatunnel.over越过物体上方跨过,无接触面Hejumpedoverthewall.across穿过;横过物体表面的一边到另一边Wewentacrosstheroad.14.辨析:findfindoutlookforfind强调“是否找到”这一结果Haveyoufoundyourbjike?Findout(找出,查明)经过一番努力找到事情的真相let'sfindoutwhentheplanewilltakeoffLookfor后接寻找的对象,强调寻找这一过程Thegirlislookingforherbook.★解析:1.Atfirst,hewasveryhappywithit.behappywithsb./sth意为“对某人或事物满意的”,=bepleased/satisfiedwithsb./sthHisteacherishappywithhim.他的老师对他很满意。SheishappywithwhatI'vedone.她对我做的很满意。2.Later,however,hebegantodoubtthatitwasarealgoldencrown.(1)begintodosth.意为“开始做某事”,同义词组为begindoingsth.。WhencanIbegintowork?我什么时候能开始工作呢?WhenIgotthere,thesingerhadalreadybegunsinging.5当我到那儿时,歌手已经开始唱歌了。(2)doubt此处用作及物动词,意为“不能肯定,对……无把握”。Hedoubtsthetruthofthenews.他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。Idon'tdoubtthatshe'llcome.她一定来,我不怀疑。【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词,意为“怀疑”,其后常接of,about。Shedoubtsabouteverything.她对一切都怀疑。Hedoubtsofhissuccess.他怀疑他能否成功。②doubt后接宾语从句时,名词从句用if/whether引导,名词从句也可用that引导。Idoubtif/whethershewillkeepherword.我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。Idon'tdoubtthatwewillwin.我们会获胜是没有疑问的③做名词,意为“怀疑”,固定短语:beindoubt“不肯定,不确定”Nodoubt无疑,很可能”without/beyonddoubt毫无疑问,的确3.“Isitmadecompletelyofgold?”hewondered.wonder想知道,相当于wanttoknow①后接疑问词引导的宾语从句,从句使用陈述语序。Iwonderwhosheis.②后接if/whether引导的宾语从句,