汉字的发展(英文版介绍)Chinese--character

中国汉字ChineseCharacters壹贰叁肆contentonetwothreefour汉字的简介汉字的发明汉字的发展汉字的结构汉字的简介世界上最古老的，承传的手写文字最早出现于5,000多年前中国的古老汉字构思来自形象和意象,简单的形象结合在一起可以构成复杂的意象汉字是方块字TheChineseLanguageIstheoldest,continuouswrittenlanguageintheWorldFirstwrittenover5,000yearsagoTheinventorsofthewrittenlanguagedrewpicturestoexpresswordsorideas,SimplepictureswerecombinedtomakemorecomplexthoughtsIssquare-shaped.Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusetohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过演变发展最终成为一种兼具音·形·意·韵的独特文字。形意音韵soundimageidearhymeChinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularearth.汉字结构“外圆内方”源于古人“天圆地方”的观念。汉字的发明TheinventionoftheChinesecharactersKeeprecordsbytyingknots(结绳说）TheEightDiagrams(八卦说）Cangjiecreatedthecharacters(仓颉造字说）传说上古时期有个名叫仓颉（jīé）的人，他是黄帝的史官。据说他长着4只眼睛，上面两只观日月星辰，下面两只观看山川鸟兽，据万物的形状创造了汉字。后人尊他为“造字圣人”。实际上，汉字这样的文字系统，不是一人一时所能创造的，而是在发明、积累及形成过程中，由许多人慢慢丰富起来的。Inlegend,therewasafigureinremoteantiquitynamedCangJiewhowasanofficialhistorianofHuangdi(knownastheYellowEmperor).Itwassaidthathehad4eyes,andtheupper2wereforwatchingthesun,themoonandthestarswhilethelower2forwatchingmountains,rivers,beastsandbirds.Anditwashe,asthelegendgoes,whohadcreatedtheChinesecharactersaccordingtotheshapesofallthings.Sohehasthetitleof“SageofCharacter-creation”,aslatergenerationsaddressedhim.Nevertheless,itisimprobableforanysinglepersontocreateacomplicatedcharactersystematonetime.Thecharactersisactuallydevelopedbymanypeoplegraduallyinthelongprocessofinvention,accumulation,andevolution.汉字的发展thedevelopmentofChinesecharactersOracleBoneInscription甲骨文BronzeInscriptions金文SealScript篆书OfficialScript隶书RegularScript楷书CursiveScript草书Runningscript行书TheoldestChineseinscriptionsaretheOraclebonescript甲骨文(BC.14-11).MostofOracleBoneInscriptionaredivinationrecords,engravedonthetortoiseshellsoranimalbones.Nowwehavebeenfoundmorethan4600oracles,includingabout1000recognized.Oracleiscarvedwithaknife,verylittleiswritten,becausewordshavenotunified,manywordscanwrite,writeback,strokessimplifieddiffer,Chinesecharactercomponentisnotfixed,andsomanyvariantcharacters（异体字）.divinationBronzeInscriptions（金文）refertoancientinscriptioncastorcarvedonthebronzeware（青铜器）.TheyareusedFromShang,ZhoutoQin,Handynasties,butthemainfindingsarethewordsonthebronzewareofwesternzhoudynasty.SealScript（篆书）canalsobecalledas“ScriptofQin”,including“Dazhuan（大篆）”and“Xiaozhuan（小篆）”.AtthebeginningoftheQinDynasty,TheFirstEmperorcontendedtheideathatthewrittenscriptshouldbestandardizedinformbecausethecharacterformsweredifferentfromareatoareainZhoutimes.ItwassaidthatLiSi（李斯）compiledandTheScriptemergedfinally.Inordertomakewritingmoretime-saving,heinventedanewformwhichwasappreciatedbyTheFirstEmperor.ItisLishu(隶书）TheformationoftheOfficialscriptisanimportantturning-pointinhistorybecauseitlaysafoundationforthesquattershapeofChinesecharacters.It’ssaidthattheRegularscript（楷书）emergedintheLaterHanperiod.Itisakindofmorebeautifulandsimplerformandcouldsetangoodexampleforwriting.Soitiscalled“Kaishu”inChinesebecause“Kai”meansgoodexamples.Inaddition,famouscalligrapherssuchasYanZhenqing（颜真卿）andLiuGongquan（柳公权）leftquantitiesofmasterpiecesforus.ThedevelopmentofChinesecharactersgrewintoahigherlevel.Regularscript（楷书）ItbecamepopularintheJinDynasty（晋朝）asweknowthefamouscalligrapherssuchasWangXizhi（王羲之）,WangXianzhi（王献之）andthelike.Regularscript（楷书）Cursivescript草书CursiveScript（草书）includeZhangcao,JincaoandKuangcao,allhardtorecognize.ZhangcaoemergedatZhangemperorofeasternHan;JincaoemergedattheendoftheLaterHanperiod.Kuangcaowascreatedinthetangdynasty,changing,andverydifficulttoidentify,turnedintoapureart,therearefewpracticalvalue.Runningscript（行书）emergedattheendoftheEasternHanperiod.itisakindofformbetweenregularscriptandcursivescript.Ithashighartistryandpracticality.汉字的结构thestructureoftheChinesecharacterThestructureuniteoftheChinesecharacter汉字的结构单位Theorderofstrokesofcharacter汉字的笔顺Theformationofcharacter汉字的造字法1、ThestructureuniteoftheChinesecharacter（汉字的结构单位）TherearethreeaspectstothestructureofaChinesecharacter:thestrokes,thecomponentsandthewholecharacter.Forexample,thecharacter“木”consistsofthestrokes—,丨,丿,乀.Itisabasiccharacterandisalsousedasacomponentforsomeothercharacters.Forexample,“林”consistsoftwo木characters.ThecomponentsarethecorestructureofaChinesecharacter.Chinesecharacterscanbedividedintocharacter-partsandnon-character-parts.Forexample,院canbedividedintothefollowingthreeparts:阝,宀,元ofwhich元isacharacter-part,while阝and宀arethenon-character-parts.ThekeytolearningChinesecharacterswellistomastertheircomponents.Chinesecharactersarewrittenbycombiningvariouskindsofstrokes.Thesestrokescanbedividedintobasicstrokesandcombinedstrokes.Structurallyspeaking,Chinesecharactersfallintocategories:thesingle-componentcharactersandthemulti-componentcharacters.AllofthebasicChinesecharactersaresimple-componentcharacters,suchas人,口,目,山,火,手,刀,马,牛,日,月,羊.