初三英语unit-1-3知识点

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Unit1—unit3重难点归纳Unit1:1.by的用法1)by+doing表示“用……手段或方式。eg:Istudybylisteningtotapes.我是通过听磁带的方法学习的。2)by+交通工具(bus,train,taxi,plane,ship),表示“乘/坐......”,bus,train,taxi,plane,ship等词前不加任何冠词。eg,Igotoschoolbybuseveryday.我每天坐公共汽车去上学。3)by+地点,表示“在...的旁边;靠近...”eg:Theteacherisstandingbythewindow.老师正靠窗站着。4)by+时间,“截止到...;不迟于...”eg:Canyoufinishyourhomeworkbyseveno’clock?你能在七点钟之前完成家庭作业吗?5)by也常用于被动语态,表示“被,由”。eg:ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.这本书是鲁迅写的。6)by与反身代词oneself连用,构成byoneself,意为“独自,单独”。eg:Ican’tleaveherbyherself.我不能把她单独留下。7)辨析by、with、in,“用”by侧重“用”某种手段、交通工具、传递方式或媒介等with侧重“用”有形工具、材料、内容等in侧重“用”语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等Eg.We’llbetravelingbycar.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.PleaseanswerthequestioninEnglish.即学即练:1.-HowdoyoulearnEnglishwords?-_____makingwordcards.A.ToB.ByC.ForD.With2.-Howdoyougettoschooleveryday.Lucy?-Igotoschool_____.A.ridemybikeB.bymybikeC.bybusD.byabus3.Mr.Scottmadealivingby____(sell)oldthings.4.ShelearnsEnglishbylisteningtotapes.(对划线部分提问)___________shelearnEnglish?5.Mostofthemtakethetraintowork.(改为同义句)Mostofthemgotowork____________.2、动名词用法小结1).动名词作主语,此时句子中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。eg:LearningEnglishwellisn’teasy.学好英语不容易。注意:此种结构可改为It’s+adj.十todosth.结构。it是形式主语,其中动词不定式作真正的主语。eg:It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.2).动名词作宾语,一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后。(1)后跟动名词的动词有finish,enjoy,keep,practice,allow,mind等。(2)作介词的宾语,包括以介词结尾的动词短语。有:giveup,dowellin,begoodat,lookforwardto,beusedto等。eg:Idowellinsinging.我擅长唱歌。3.Themoreyouread,thefasteryou’llbe.(P2)你读的越多,你阅读的速度就越快。“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”,意为“越...越...”Eg.Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.拓展:“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越...”Eg.Theweatherbecomescolderandcolder.4.It’stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.听懂英语口语太难了。(P2)1)It+be+adj+for/ofsb+todosth.Eg.It’sdangerousforchildrentoplaywithfire.2)too...to...“太...而不能...”.Eg.Heistooyoungtojointheparty.注意:not...enoughto.../so...that...练习:Thegirlis____tired____shecouldwalkanymore.A.too;toB.not;enoughC.so;that5.beafraidtodo与beafraidofdoing辨析beafraidtodo不敢干……(害怕得不敢做某事)beafraidofdoing担心会发生某事eg:Heisafraidtoseethedog.他不敢看那只狗。Sheisafraidofwakinghisfatherup.她担心会吵醒她父亲。(出于关心)6.WhydidWeiFenfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?(P3)为什么魏芬发现学习英语很那?find+it+adj+todosth“发现做某事...”Eg.IfinditveryinterestingtolearnEnglish.7.IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.(P3)我想学习新单词和更多的语法,以便更好地理解英文电影。sothat引导目的状语从句,“以便;为了”,相当于inorderthat...结构。其从句中谓语动词常和can、may、should等情态动词及beableto连用。Eg.MyfatherboughtmeabicyclesothatIcangotoschoolquickly.辨析:sothat与so...thatsothat引导目的状语从句,“以便;为了”;还可引导结果状语从句,“因此;所以”so...that引导结果状语从句,“如此...以至于”Eg.Pleaseturnonthelightsothatwecanseeclearly.IamsotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfurther.8.Idon’tknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed.我不知道如何提高我的阅读速度。(P5)howtoincreasemyreadingspeed是“疑问词+todo”结构,作know的宾语。疑问词what、who、which、when、where、how、why等可以与todo一起构成“疑问词+todo”结果,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾补等成分。Eg.Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.9.MaybeyoushouldjoinanEnglishclub.或许你应该加入英语俱乐部。(P5)maybeadv,“或许;大概”,位于句首,同义词perhaps、probably。maybe“情态动词+be动词”结构,“可能是”。Eg.Maybeyouareright.Youmayberight.10.Theyalsolookforwaystoreviewwhattheyhavelearned.他们设法复习已经学过的知识。(P6)1)辨析lookfor“寻找”,强调寻找的动作和过程,有目的地找。练习:I’m_______mypeneverywhere,butIcan’t_____it.Readthepassage,and_____theanswertothisquestion.find“找到;发现”,找到或发现具体的动词,或偶然发现某物,强调结果。findout“弄清;查明”,经过困难、曲折调查、询问或研究等之后弄清楚,明白。核心考点全突破:1.(2013重庆)YoucanimproveyourEnglish______practicingmore.A.byB.withC.ofD.in2.(2013南京)Linda’sfatherhateswaitinginlonglines.Ithinkhe’snotvery______.A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful3.(2013金华)-Tommy,youcanneverletothersknowwhatIhavetoldyoutoday.-Don’tworry,.Iwillkeepthe_____.A.secretB.moneyC.addressD.grade4.(2013云南)Youdon’thaveto_____everynewwordinthedictionarywhilereading.A.lookforB.lookupC.lookatD.lookafter5.(2013泰安)_____you’retastedit,youcan’timaginehowdeliciousthedishesare.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.WhenD.unless6.(2013扬州)-MrLi,Ican’tunderstandeverythinginclass.-Don’tworry.I’ll____themainpointsattheend.A.recordB.reviewC.requireD.remember7.(2013遂宁)Hewas____tired_____hecouldnotgoonwalking.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.not;enoughUnit2—Unit31.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。三大考点:引导词、时态和语序。结构:由连接词+主语+谓语构成考点1.引导词1)由that引导表示陈述意义that可省略Hesays(that)heisathome.他说他在家里。2)由if,whether引导表示一般疑问意义,意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不能省略。Idon’tknowif/whetherWeiHualikesfish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。注:下列情况只能用whether,不能用if:①与ornot连用只能用whether②介词后只能用whether③与todo不定式连用只能用whether④句首只能用whether3)由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)引导表示特殊疑问意义Doyouknowwhathewantstobuy?你知道他想要买什么吗?考点2.语序宾语从句使用----陈述句语序(主语+谓语+其他)Eg:Doyouknowwherehelives?考点3.时态①主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际选择。②主句是过去时,从句只能选用过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)③如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实,普遍真理,自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。Hesaid(that)hewasathome.他说他在家里。Ididn’tknowthatshewassingingnow.我不知道她正在唱歌。ShewantedtoknowifIhadfinishedmhomework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Didyouknowwhenhewouldbeback?你知道他将会什么时候回来?Mr.Litoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.考点4.宾语从句的否定转移。①主语为第一人称②谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等③否定在主句,翻译在从句Eg:Idon’tthinkyouareright.考点5.宾语从句转化给“疑问词+不定式”结构。Theydidn’tknowwhattheyshoulddo.=Theydidn’tknowwhattodo.2.感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what或how引导。现分述如下:一、由what引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:1.可用句型:“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语+其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