1价格条件及作价——国际贸易价格术语•案例:吴先生在商场购买彩电,29吋彩电的标价是“1888元,送货上门”•解读“送货上门”:1.商场负责安排市内运输的车辆——责任2.商场承担彩电上门以前的风险——风险3.商场支付市内运费——费用•“送货上门”是针对“1888元”这项价格,对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分2价格条件及价格术语•价格条件:针对某项价格,对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分•FreeonBoard,送货上船(船上交货):这是国际贸易中最早出现的价格条件•为了减少字数,节省电报费用,FreeonBoard演变成价格术语FOB•价格术语:针对某项价格,对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分的专门用语(英文缩写)3FOB在早期使用时,各国没有统一的定义和解释,容易导致纠纷。为了避免纠纷,国际组织用书面形式制定对价格术语的定义和解释。价格条件减少字数价格术语统一定义国际贸易惯例4国际贸易惯例•广义的国际贸易惯例:国际贸易的习惯做法•狭义的国际贸易惯例:国际组织或商业团体用书面形式为国际贸易术语和习惯做法所制定的定义、解释和规则•国际贸易惯例的约束力:不是法律,对买卖双方不具备强制作用,其约束力体现在:1.如果当事人明确采用某项惯例,该惯例就对当事人产生约束力2.如果当事人明确排除某项惯例,该惯例就对当事人没有约束力3.如果当事人没有明确排除某项惯例,发生纠纷时,法院或仲裁机构可以引用该惯例判决或裁决5关于价格术语的国际贸易惯例1.《1932年华沙—牛津规则》Warsaw—OxfordRules1932:国际法协会为解释价格术语CIF而制定的规则2.《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941,由美国9个商业团体制定3.《价格术语释义国际通则》INCOTERMS,由国际商会InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)所制定6《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941定义的术语:1.Ex(PointofOrigin)产地交货2.FreeonBoard船上交货3.FreeAlongSide船边交货4.CostandFreight成本和运费5.Cost,Insurance,andFreight成本和运保费6.ExDock目的港码头交货7INCOTERMS基本情况1.标题解字:由InternationalCommercialTerms三字合成2.INCOTERMS标题译文的由来:INCOTERMS的早期版本有副标题:InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms,我国通常译为《国际贸易术语解释通则》,简称《通则》,译文《价格术语释义国际通则》仅供参考。3.什么是INCOTERMS?INCOTERMS是国际商会制定的一套规则,该规则对国际贸易合同中最常用的术语进行定义,说明买卖双方责任、费用、风险的划分。4.版本:最初版本是INCOTERMS1936,最新版本是INCOTERMS2000,我国近20年使用过的版本有INCOTERMS1980和1990。8INCOTERMS2000共有13种术语,分为E、F、C、D四组GroupEDeparture启运EXWExWorks工厂交货GroupFMaincarriageunpaid主运费未付FCAFreeCarrierFASFreeAlongsideShipFOBFreeonBoard货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货GroupCMaincarriagepaid主运费已付CFRCostandFreightCIFCost,Insurance,andFreightCPTCarriagepaidToCIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo成本加运费成本加运保费运费付至运保费付至GroupDArrival到达DAFDeliveryatFrontierDESDeliveredExShipDEQDeliveredExQuayDDUDeliveredDutyUnpaidDDPDeliveredDutyPaid边境交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货未完税交货完税后交货9常用价格术语货交装运港术语组货交承运人术语组FOBCFRCIFFCACPTCIP以上分组,并不是INCOTERMS2000的分组。这样“跳出”INCOTERMS2000分组的分组,主要是因为每一组的三个术语具有共同的交货点和风险点。黎孝先在其1980年的《国际贸易实务》教材(无出版社出版,仅在内部使用)中,介绍的就是FOB,C&F,CIF。)10FreeonBoardFOB(namedportofshipment,指定装运港)例:FOBShanghai,China•简略定义:–FOB是指,买方安排船只,支付装运港到目的港运费,卖方在指定装运港交货。货物越过船舷时,风险和费用从卖方转移到买方。–FOB仅适用于船舶运输。11FOBdefinedinINCOTERMS2000•FREEONBOARDmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspassovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintendtodeliverthegoodsacrosstheship’srail,theFCAtermshouldbeused.12FOBINCOTERMS2000定义•FOB是指,在指定装运港货物越过船舷时,卖方就完成了交货义务。买方必须承担货物越过船舷之后的一切风险和费用。卖方负责办理货物的出口报关手续。FOB仅适用于海洋运输或运河运输,如当事人不打算用越过船舷的方式交货,则应使用FCA。13Divisionofobligation,cost,andrisksunderFOBinINCOTERMS2000ATHESELLER’SOBLIGATIONSBTHEBUYER’SOBLIGATIONSA1ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractThesellermustprovidethegoodsandthecommercialinvoice,oritselectronicmessage,inconformitywiththecontractofsaleandanyotherevidenceofconformitywhichmayberequiredbythecontract.B1PaymentofthepriceThebuyermustpaythepriceasprovidedinthecontractofsale.14A2Licences,authorisations,andformalitiesThesellermustobtainathisownriskandexpenseanyexportlicenceorotherofficialauthorisationandcarryout,whereapplicable,allcustomsformalitiesnecessaryfortheexportofthegoods.B2Licences,authorisations,andformalitiesThebuyermustobtainathisownriskandexpenseanyimportlicenceorotherofficialauthorisationandcarryout,whereapplicable,allcustomsformalitiesfortheimportofthegoodsand,wherenecessary,fortheirtransitthroughanycountry.15A3Contractofcarriageandinsurancea)ContractofcarriageNoobligation.b)ContractofinsuranceNoobligation.B3Contractofcarriagea)ContractofcarriageThebuyermustcontractathisownexpenseforthecarriageofthegoodsfromthenamedportofshipment.b)ContractofinsuranceNoobligation.16A4DeliveryThesellermustdeliverthegoodsonthedateorwithintheagreedperiodatthenamedportofshipmentandinthemannercustomaryattheportonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyer.B4TakingdeliveryThebuyermusttakedeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4.17A5TransferofrisksThesellermust,subjecttotheprovisionsofB5,bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentB5TransferofrisksThebuyermustbearallrisksoflossesofordamagetothegoods*fromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment,and*fromtheagreeddateortheexpirydateoftheagreedperiodfordeliverywhicharisebecausehefailstogivenoticeinaccordancewithB7,orbecausethevesselnominatedbyhimfailtoarriveontime,orisunabletotakethegoods,orclosesforcargoearlierthanthetimenotifiedinaccordancewithB7,provided,however,thatthegoodshavebeendulyappropriatedtothecontract,thatistosay,clearlysetasideorotherwiseidentifiedasthecontractgoods.18A6DivisionofcostsThesellermust,subjecttotheprovisionsofB6,pay*allcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment;and*whereapplicable,thecostsofcustomsformalitiesnecessaryforexportaswellasallduties,taxes,andotherchargespayableuponexport.B6Division