宾语从句讲解

宾语从句Grammar1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句引导词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）宾语可以放在及物动词，形容词sorry,sure,afraid,glad等，介词(worryabout,thinkabout,findout等)后I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)Iwon’tpasstheexam.Theyfoundoutwhobrokethewindows.I’mthinkingaboutwhocanwinthematch.宾语从句1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.构成：主句+引导词+简单句（主语+谓语）3．引导宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：一、引导词1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来，由that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，没有具体含义，可以省略。Heisacleverboy.Ithink.Ithink(that)heisacleverboy.Doyouknow?ThefamoussingerwillcometoYantai.DoyouknowthatthefamoussingerwillcometoYantai?2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由whether或if引导，翻译成：“是否”，不能省略。语序为陈述语序。Sheaskedmeif/whethertheboycoulddrawahorse.Lilywantedtoknow.Doeshergrandmalikethedog?Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthedog.Sheaskedme.Cantheboydrawahorse?if&whether“是否”引导宾语从句以下情况4种情况只用whether不用if1.与不定式todo连用，只用whethertodoIdon’tknowwhethertostayathome.2.作介词的宾语Theoldmanisworriedaboutwhethertheycanfindoutthethief.3.Whether引导的从句放在句首时Whetherwecanarrivethereontime,Iamnotsure.4.whether...ornot固定结构Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesthehouseornot.IwanttoknowwhetherwecangoskatingonSaturdayoronSunday.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问代词代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或疑问副词（when,where,how,why）引导，这些疑问词本身在从句中做一定成分不可以省略，语序用陈述语序。Whatdoyouwanttosay?Icanthink.Icanthinkwhatyouwanttosay.Idon’tremember.Whendidtheyarrive?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.Doyouknowwhentheplanewillleave?Iaskedhim.HowcanIgetsomuchmoney?IaskedhimhowIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Doyouknow?Whenwilltheplaneleave?下列句子改为宾语从句时语序不变。What’sthematter?What’swrong?Whathappenedtoyou?What’shappening?WhoteachesyouEnglish?4.带how的词组howmany,howmuch,howsoon,howlong,howoften等也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougotoseeyourgrandma?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillcomeback!Couldyoutellushowmuchthepicturecosts?二、时态1.如果主句是一般现在时，一般将来时，祈使句时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Iknowthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去时，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.3.当从句是客观真理，自然现象，谚语，名言警句时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthatthereare7daysaweek.Hetoldmethatlighttravelsfasterthansound.三：宾语从句的语序(陈述语序)：主句+引导词+主语+谓语……宾语从句1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?四、标点宾语从句的标点由主句决定。主句标点是句号，则整个句子句末的标点是句号。主句的标点是问号，则整句话的标点是问号。Doyouknowwhentheplanewillleave?Doyouknow?Whenwilltheplaneleave?HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.五.人称IwillgotoShanghai.Shesays.Momaskedme.Areyouhappy?Theteacherasked.WhenwillXiaoleicomeback？ShesaysthatshewillgotoShanghai.MomaskedmeifIwashappy.TheteacheraskedwhenXiaoleiwouldcomeback.（一主，二宾，三不变。）变宾语从句四步骤：1.确定引导词2.改变人称3.调整语序，时态4.标点符号宾语从句注意事项当宾语从句是由祈使句转换来时，通常把sayto变为tellsb.todo或asksb.todo.否定祈使句则变为tellsb.nottodo或asksb.nottodoTheteachersaidtous.Keepquiet!Momsaid.Don’tbelate!Theteacheraskedustokeepquiet.Momaskedusnottobelate.1．Could/Wouldyouplease...是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Couldyoutellme?Wherewecango?Couldyoutellme?WhichonedoIhavetochoose?Wouldyouliketoknow?Whenwillhecomeback?2.否定前移Ithink/believe等动词后的宾语从句如果是否定，要将not移到主句的谓语动词上1.Hewon’tcomehere.Ithink.2.Ibelieve.Hewasn’tathief.Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere,willhe?Idon’tbelievehewasathief.Idon’tbelievehewasathief,washe?3.宾语从句的特殊语序主句是Doyouthink/believe/suppose...宾语从句是由特殊疑问词引导的，要用：疑问词+doyouthink/believe/suppose+陈述语序1).Whathappenedtohim?Doyouthink?2).Doyouthink?WhatSallywillbein10years?3).Doyouthink?Whocanhelpyou?Whatdoyouthinkhappenedtohim?WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbein10years?Whodoyouthinkistheclevereststudent?4.宾语从句的简化（宾语从句转化为简单句）（1）当hope，decide,agree等后面有宾语从句时，如果两个主语一致，可以简化为hopetodo,decidetodo,agreetodoMomhopesthatshecancomebacksoon.TheydecidedthattheywouldvisitXiamen.HeagreesthathecanhelpJohnwithChinese.Momhopestocomebacksoon.TheydecidedtovisitXiamen.HeagreestohelpJohnwithChinese.(2)teach,tell,show+疑问词+宾语从句从句的主语与主句的宾语一致可简化为疑问词+todoCanyoutellme?HowcanIgettotheairport?Couldyouteachme?HowcanIusethemachine?Canyoutellme?WhatShouldIdo?Canyoutellmehowtogettotheairport?Couldyouteachhowtousethemachine?Canyoutellmewhattodo?疑问词+宾语从句疑问词词+todoIdon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Shedidn’tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.IwonderifIwillleaveforShanghai.IwonderwhethertoleaveforShanghai.5.Ifind/think/feel+it+形容词+todo...Ifind/think/feel+it+形容词+that从句...Ifinditinterestingtoplaywithhim.(改为复合句)Ithoughtiteasytoworkouttheproblem.Ifinditisinterestingtoplaywithhim.Ithoughtitwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.Sb.seemtodo=Itseemsthatsb.doSb.seemedtodo=Itseemedthatsb.didHeseemstotellalie.Itseemedthathewastired.Itseemsthathetellsalie.Heseemedtobetired.6.(1)Doyouknowif______backnextwe