UnitoneGrammarandusageIdon’tunderstandwhyIamnotlosingweight.Peoplewholaughalotlivelonger.1.我不明白我的体重为什么减不掉呢?2.喜欢笑的人寿命长。Translatethefollowingsentences:3.我做完家庭作业就去你家。I’llgotoyourhomewhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.4.他们总是绊倒椅子,撞到门,摔倒在舞台上。Theyhavebeentrippingoverthechairs,walkingintodoors,andfallingdownonstageforyears.现在时态的基本形式时态语态一般现在时主动被动现在进行时主动被动现在完成时主动被动现在完成进行时主动被动am/is/are;do/doesbe(am/is/are)doinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoingam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendoneXI.Thepresenttense1表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时间限制)1)地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。2)太阳东升西落。Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等表示频率的时间状语连用.他每天晚饭后散步。我们总是相互关心相互帮助。carehelpHetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Wealwaysforeachotherandeachother.3表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。1)斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。2)玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。3)I_____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.playMr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.4表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现或按时间表、议事日程将要发生的动作或状态。1)飞机上午10点起飞。2)明天是星期三。3)---Canyoutellmewhenthetrain______forShanghai,sir?---Ofcourse,Ican.It______halfanhourago.A.leaves;leftB.willleave;leavesC.willleave;leftD.leaves;hasleftTheplanetakesoffat10:00a.m.TomorrowisWednesday.5.在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。除非老板同意,否则我不能走。Wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetingifitrainstomorrow.Ican’tleaveunlessmybossagrees.Notes:if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示意愿,但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.你知道条件状语从句常用些什么引导词吗?!常用的引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,ifonly,unless,incase,solongas,onconditionthat…(以…为条件,只要),provided/providingthat…Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyou___(stay)inthebackyard.Hecanusethebicycleonconditionthathe_______(return)ittomorrow.例句:stayreturns你知道引导时间状语从句的是哪些连词吗?1.表示“当…时候,在…时,”的有:when,whenever,eachtime,everytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime…例如:I’dliketoseeyouwheneveritisconvenient.EachtimeImeethim,hewillgivemesomeadvice.---CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou___abitolder.A.getB.willC.aregettingD.willhavegotA2.表示“一…就”的连词或副词有:assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,directly,immediately,instantly…例句:I’llreturnthebooktohimthemomentIseehimnextweek.He’lle-mailyouimmediatelyhegetstoNewYork.ZhouLanissuretohelpyouthemoment_____hiswork.A.hewillfinishB.hefinishesC.hefinishedD.hehasfinishedII.Presentcontinuoustense1.表示说话时正在进行的动作(时间点动作),表明动作未完成。延续性动词有暂时性含义。---whatareyoudoing?---Iamwritingaletter.It’srainingheavilynow,sowemuststayinside.2.表示现阶段一直在进行的(时间段)动作。简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。Janeisstudyinglawwhilehersisterisdoingphysics.3.表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续性动词,如come,go,leave,move,start,stop,arrive等,及少数延续性动词,如spend,stay等。(2)我今晚要去见王先生。(1)SheisleavingforGuangzhounextweek.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.4.与always,constantly,often,forever等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或赞扬、厌烦、生气等情绪。那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。她经常借钱却忘记还。You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyourbigstudy!A.arealwaysthrowingB.havealwaysthrownC.havealwaysbeenthrowingD.alwaysthrowThegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.Sheisoftenborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.Notes:以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时A表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need…B表示存在状态的动词:be,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon…C表示瞬间动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete…D表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,smell,sound,taste,look(但是feel,see(接见),hear(听)可用进行时)----You’redrinkingtoomuch.----Onlyathome.Noone____mebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.sawC(1)Thewriter________(write)anovelthesedays.(2)Recentlythenumberofpeoplefinedforspeakingontheirmobilephoneswhilethey_________(drive)hasincreasedgreatly.现在进行时的一些特殊含义:1)表示目前反复发生的动作或者表示“在做某事的过程中”,然而此时动作不一定正在进行之中.iswritingaredrivingHowareyoufeelingtoday?=Howdoyoufeeltoday?3)表达婉转语气Iamhopingtohearfromyousoon.2)有些表示身体感觉的动词,如hurt,ache,feel等使用现在进行时和一般现在时区别不大。III.Thepresentperfecttense1表示反复发生的动作。比利.克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。我们已去过长城多次。We__________totheGreatWallmanytimes.havebeenBillyCrystalhasbeeninmanyfilmsandtelevisionshows.2表示动作发生在过去,但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。他已经交了个人所得税。医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。Doctors__________thatpeoplewholaughalotlivelonger!3与时间段连用表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。我妈妈已经生病3天。Mostofus___________Englishfor5years.havefoundhavestudiedHehaspaidhisincometax.Mymotherhasbeenillforthreedays.我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。4下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since+从句This(that/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting….+that+完成时It_________3yearssincetheygotmarried.It’sthefirsttimethatI__________totheGreatWall.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI___________.hasbeen/ishavebeenhaveseenNotes:在时间或条件状语从句中,要用现在完成时代替将来完成时,也可以用一般现在时。如果你做完试验,你会更好地理解这个理论的。车停稳之前,别忙着下车。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit_________________.hasstopped/stopsIfyouhavedonetheexperiment,you’llunderstandthetheorybetter.一般过去时与现在完成时的区分:时间上有差异:凡有具体的过去时间,均用过去时态,不能用完成时态,如:ago,lastyear,justnow,theotherday等。现在完成时可跟不确定的过去时间、频度时间和延续到现在的时间连用.结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去,和现在没有关系。I_____Englishatuniversityforthreeyears,butnowI’veforgotit.A.havestudiedB.hadstudiedC.studiedD.wouldstudy与现在完成时连用的几种时间状语:1.现在完成时往往同表示不具体