SAP信贷控制功能与配置详解

UsingNFPA101“BridgingtheEnforcementGap”SeanTraceyCanadianRegionalManagerNFPAIssuesRaisedbyCCBFC/PTPACCIntherecentjointmeetingtheyidentifiedthefollowingpolicyissues:1.RenovationofExistingBuildings:(amountingto50%ofconstructionactivity)50%ofconstructionactivity)“Theneedandpracticalityofseparaterequirementsinthenationalmodelcodesforrenovationforexistingbuildingsshouldbeinvestigated”2.Retrofit/RectifyingUnsafeConditionsinExistingBuildings“ThedevelopmentofanacceptablesetofrequirementsintheNFCshouldbeconsideredinthecontextofthegeneralmovetorestructuringtheNationalFireCode.”“TheEnforcementGap”AddressingExistingOccupanciesNBCC:“ItisnottheintentthattheNBCCbeusedtoenforcetheretrospectiveapplicationofrequirementstoexistingbuildings,unlessspecificallyrequiredbylocalregulationsorby-laws.”orby-laws.”NFCC:“TheapplicationoftheCodetotheupgradingofexistingfacilitiestoprovideanacceptabledegreeoflifesafetyshouldbethejudgmentoftheenforcingauthority,whomustdealwitheachcaseonitsmerits.”SohowdoIdecide?WhatresourcesdoIhaveuponwhichtomakesuchadecision?ApplicationofNFPA101asaresourcetoolorevenbyadoptionprovidesnecessarycompletiononaddressinglifesafetyelementsofexistingoccupancies.Providesrequiredguidanceordirectiontotheenforcementofficialdevelopedinaconsensusprocessandalreadywidelyaccepted.ExistingFacilities•Whattodowhenexistingfacilitiesdonotmeetareasonabledegreeoffireandlifesafety?–Justbecauseafacilityhasbeengrandfathereddoesnotmeanitshouldcontinuetooperatebelowalevelofsafetyothersshouldexpectsafetyothersshouldexpect•HowdoIdeterminewhatareasonablelevelis?–e.g.Acommunitycentrebuiltin1970thathastoolargeofanoccupancyloadforcurrentexits?–Aseniorsresidencewithoccupantsincapableofself-preservationandnosprinklersystem?–Abedandbreakfastwithanopenstairwell?HowdoIworkwithadaptationsinthefield?•HowdoIhandleimminentfireandlifesafetyhazards?•Howmuchworkshouldberequiredwhenbuildingsareundergoingrenovations?LifeSafetyCodeDevelopment•Developedby14Committees•Over250Volunteers•Every3years•Every3years•1997,2000,2003,2006,2009•SourceformanyexistingCanadiancodeprovisionsforlifesafetyLifeSafetyCodeOrigins•1911TriangleShirtwaistFire•1912:Pamphlet“ExitDrillsinFactories,Schools,DepartmentSchools,DepartmentStoresandTheaters”.•1913:CommitteeonSafetytoLifeAppointed.•FirstFewYearsStudiedSignificantFireswithLossofLife.LifeSafetyCodeOrigins
CoconutGroveFire(1942)andothersignificantlifelossfiresraisedawarenessfiresraisedawarenessofadequateexitsandfiresafety.
1948:WorkstartedtoreworktheCodetomandatorylanguage.LifeSafetyCodeRefinementoverTime•Refinementovertime•Reflectslossrecordandlatestunderstandingoffireunderstandingoffirescience•FireInvestigationsinpute.g.ForestLaneWayandMeadowcroftfiresMajorevolutionsincodeshavebeendrivenbycatastrophiceventsthatwerea“betrayaloftrust”LifeSafetyCodeScope•Construction,protectionandoccupancyfeaturestominimizedangertolifefromfire(smoke,fumesandpanic)•Establishesminimumcriteriaforegress•Establishesminimumcriteriaforegress•ProtectiveFeaturesandSystems•BldgServices•Maintenance•StaffTraining,EmergencyPlanning,etc..UseofNFPA101inCanada•PrinceEdwardIsland•NewfoundlandforExistingBuildingsforover20years–CopiesofNLFireActcanbemadeavailable–CopiesofNLFireActcanbemadeavailableNFPA101isaFirstGenerationCodeDocumentNFPA101UseThroughoutCanada•ReferencedinAlberta•“Goto”sourcefornumerousOntariorulingsrulings•Usedinmanydesigns•IncreasedreferenceunderthenewObjective-basedCodes•Willbereferencedinthe2005NBCNFPA101UseThroughoutCanada•ItisbeingpromotedacrossCanadabyNFPAasameansto“bridgetheenforcementgap”–ameanstoapplyenforcementgap”–ameanstoapplyminimumfireandlifesafetystandardstoexistingbuildingsSCOPEoftheLIFESAFETYCODE
AddressesLifeSafetyfromFireandSimilarEmergencies.
AddressesthoseConstruction,Protection,andOccupancyFeaturesnecessarytoMinimizeOccupancyFeaturesnecessarytoMinimizeDangertoLifefromFire,Smoke,Fumes,orPanic.
IdentifiesMinimumCriteriafortheDesignofEgressFacilitatessoastoPermitPromptEscapefromBuildingsor,whendesirable,intoSafeAreaswithintheBuilding.LifeSafetyCodeWhataretheCoreObjectives?•CoreRequirementsofNBCC–Safety–Health•CoreRequirementsofNFPA101–Safefromfire&SimilarEmergencies}–Health–Accessibility–ProtectionofBuildingsSimilarEmergencies–CrowdMovement–Occupantprotection–Structuralintegrity–Systemseffectiveness}*HowdoesitfitinwithNBCC?•Notabuildingcode*•Notafirecode*•Workswithotherbuildingandfirecodes•ConflictsresolvedthroughadminprovisionsHowistheLifeSafetyCodeComplimentary?•AddressesExisting&Newbuildingrequirements•Samecoreobjectives•Samecoreobjectives•Chapter5addresseshowtopresentandreview“alternativesolutions”•Howtoresolveconflicts–CompatibilitybetweencodesisanadministrativeresponsibilitynotregulatoryComparisonOfOccupancyCoverage•Assembly•CareorDetention•ResidentialOccupancies•Assembly•Detention&Correctional•HealthCare•AmbulatoryHealthcare•ResidentialBoardandCare•OneandTwoFamilyDwellingsNBCC2005EditionNFPA1012009Edition•ResidentialOccupancies•BusinessandPersonalServices•Mercantile•High,Medium,LowHazardIndustrial•OneandTwoFamilyDwelling