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《计算机网络》中英文对照Chapter1EndsystemP28端系统ModemP29调制解调器（俗称：猫）BasestationP29基站CommunicationlinkP30通信链路PhysicalmediaP30物理介质CoaxialcableP30同轴电缆FiberopticsP30光纤RadiospectrumP30射频频谱TransmissionrateP30传输速率PacketsP30（数据）包，或分组RoutersP30路由器Link-layerswitchesP30链路层交换机PathP30路径ISP(InternetServiceProvider)P30网络服务提供商TCP(TransmissionControlProtocol)P31传输控制协议IP(InternetProtocol)P31网际协议IntranetsP31内网API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)P32应用程序编程接口NetworkedgeP35网络边缘AccessNetworksP38接入网EthernetP42以太网NetworkcoreP48网络核心CircuitSwitchingP50电路转换PacketSwitching分组交换FDM(frequency-divisionmultiplexing)P50频分多路复用TDM(time-divisionmultiplexing)P50时分多路复用StatisticalMultiplexing统计复用Store-and-forward存储转发QueuingdelaysP53排队延迟TransmissiondelayP60传输延迟，或发送延迟PropagationdelayP60传播延迟ThroughputP59吞吐量InternetbackboneP57骨干网DelayP59延迟，或时延LossP59丢包Packet-SwitchedNetworkP59分组交换网络NodalprocessingdelayP60节点处理延迟End-to-enddelayP66端到端延迟InstantaneousthroughputP68瞬时吞吐量NetworkinterfacecardP74网络接口卡（即网卡）MessageP75消息，或报文SegmentP75（报文）段DatagramP75数据报FramesP75帧PacketsnifferP82数据包监听器ProtocolStack协议栈Peerentities对等实体Chapter2应用层ServerfarmP110服务器集群InfrastructureP110基础设施，或基础架构Self-scalabilityP111自扩展性TimingP114实时性Bandwidth-sensitiveapplicationsP115带宽敏感应用Connection-orientedserviceP117面向连接的服务DirectoryserviceP121目录服务BaseHTMLfileP122基本HTML文件StatelessprotocolP124无状态协议RTT(round-triptime)P126往返时间WebproxycachesP128网页代理缓存StatuslineP130状态行Out-of-bandP141（频）带外（的）In-bandP141带内（的）UseragentsP144用户代理MailserversP144邮件服务器PullprotocolP148拉式协议Pushprotocolp148推式协议HostaliasingP158主机别名CanonicalhostnameP158规范主机名MailserveraliasingP158邮件服务器别名LoaddistributionP158负载分配Top-leveldomain(TLD)serversP161顶级域名服务器AuthoritativeDNSserversP161权威域名服务器IterativequeriesP168迭代查询Resourcerecords(RRs)P165资源记录OverlaynetworkP179覆盖网NonpersistentHTTP非持久HTTP，或非坚持HTTPPersistentHTTP持久性HTTP，或坚持的HTTPPeer-to-Peer(P2P)Network对等网络Socketprogramming套接字编程Chapter3传输层MultiplexinganddemultiplexingP226复用与分用UnidirectionaldatatransferP241单向数据传送Finite-statemachine(FSM)P242有限状态机PositiveacknowledgmentsP243肯定确认NegativeacknowledgmentsP243否定确认CountdowntimerP250（倒数）计时器CumulativeacknowledgmentP258累积确认ReceivebufferP269接收缓冲区，或接收缓存Resource-managementcells资源管理单元Source(portnumber)源端口号Destination(portnumber)目的端口号Checksum校验和Pipelinedprotocols流水线（型）协议Go-back-N回退NSelectiveRepeat选择重传Timeout（定时器）超时FastRetransmit快速重传FlowControl流量控制Threewayhandshake三次握手sequencenumber序列号（简写为seq）acknowledgementnumber确认号（简写为ack；注意与大小的ACK不同）CongestionControl拥塞控制additiveincrease,multiplicativedecrease加性增乘性减SlowStart慢启动congestion-avoidance拥塞避免fastrecovery快速恢复duplicate(ACK)冗余（ACK）RandomEarlyDetection随机早期检测Chapter4网络层ForwardingtableP338转发表Virtual-circuitnetworksP343虚电路网络DatagramnetworksP343数据报网络SignalingmessageP346信令报文ContentAddressableMemoryP354内容可寻址存储器CrossbarswitchP356纵横开关Activequeuemanagement主动队列管理Head-of-the-line(HOL)队头Classlessinterdomainrouting(CIDR)P371无类域间路由Plug-and-playP376即插即用AnycastP386任播InteriorgatewayprotocolsP414内部网关协议RoutinginformationProtocolP414路由信息协议（RIP）OpenshortestPathFirstOSPFP414开放最短路径优先AreaborderroutersP419区域边界路由器Sequence-number-controlledfloodingP430序列号控制的洪泛，或带序列号的受控洪泛Reversepathforwarding(RPF)P431逆向路径转发RendezvouspointP433汇聚点Longestprefixmatching最长前缀匹配Scheduling调度Fragmentation分片，或分段FragmentOffset报文段偏移量NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)网络地址转换NATtraversalNAT穿越Multicast组播，或多播Unicast单播Tunneling隧道技术Link-StateRoutingAlgorithm链路状态路由算法DistanceVectorRoutingAlgorithm距离向量路由算法CounttoInfinityProblem无穷计数问题HierarchicalRouting分层路由autonomoussystems自治系统BGP(BorderGatewayProtocol)边界网关协议in-networkduplication网内复制broadcaststorm广播风暴spanningtree生成树redundantpackets冗余数据包Chapter5数据链路层，或链路层BroadcastchannelsP461广播信道TrailerfieldsP464尾部字段LinkaccessP464链路接入，或链路访问NetworkinterfacecardP466网络接口卡（即网卡）ParitychecksP469奇偶校验Forwarderrorcorrection(FEC)P471前向纠错CyclicRedundancyCheck循环冗余校验PolynomialcodeP472多项式码（即CRC码）MultipleaccessP475多路接入RandomaccessprotocolsP477随机接入协议CSMA/CDP484带冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问CSMA/CA带冲突避免的载波侦听多路访问TokenpassingprotocolP487令牌传递协议ARPP491地址解析协议PreambleP497前导（字段）ExponentialbackoffP502指数回退，或指数退避RepeaterP504中继器Virtual-channelidentifierP520虚拟信道标识Cell-losspriorityP520信元丢失优先权Label-switchedrouterP524标签交换路由器Framing（封装）成帧errordetection误差检测，或检错ChannelPartitioning信道分割式（MAC协议）TakingturnsMACprotocol轮流式MAC协议Collision冲突，或碰撞TimeSlot时隙SlottedALOHA时隙ALOHAUnslottedALOHA无时隙ALOHANonpersistentCSMA非坚持CSMA1-persistentCSMA1坚持CSMAp-persistentCSMAp坚持CSMATokenRing令牌环(Wireless)LAN（无线）局域网Hub集线器Collisiondomain冲突域Bridge网桥