Unit-9-The-House-of-Stuart斯图亚特王朝

TheHouseofStuartUnit9KeypointsinUnit9•JamesIandtheGunpowderPlot•CharlesIandtheEnglishCivilWar•CharlesIIandtheRestoration•JamesIIandtheGloriousRevolutionSituationBeforetheRevolutionTheEnclosureMovementTheReformationThediscoveryoftheNewWorldThechangingideologyandmoralityTherisingclass-bourgeoisieTheGunpowderPlot•SomeCatholicsintendedtoblowupJamesI.Why?–Unpopularity–Wrongdoings–OppressionGuyFawkesNightiscelebratedinBritainannuallyonNovember5th.TheEnglishCivilWars(1642–1649)TheconfrontationbetweenCharlesIandtheparliamentThecommonpeopleandbourgeoisiefoundthefeudaloppressionintolerable.CharlesclashedwithScotsanddemandedtoraisemoney.TheParliamentrefusedtosupplymoney.TheCivilWarbrokeoutin1642.FortheKingForParliamentmembersareasnicknameReasonsforthenicknameLeaderLaterpoliticalpartiesTheinterestsrepresentedFortheKingForParliamentmembersCatholics,noblesandgentry,halfofthemembersofParliament;areasThepoorerareasoftheNorthandWestnicknameCavaliersReasonsforthenicknameManyofthemfoughtonhorseback.Cavaliershadlonghairandworefancyclothes.LeaderKingCharlesILaterpoliticalpartiesTheToriesTheinterestsrepresentedTheconservativeforcesFortheKingForParliamentmembersCatholics,noblesandgentry,halfofthemembersofParliament;Puritans,themilitantmembersofparliament,merchantsareasThepoorerareasoftheNorthandWestThericherareasoftheSouthandEastnicknameCavaliersRoundheadsReasonsforthenicknameManyofthemfoughtonhorseback.Cavaliershadlonghairandworefancyclothes.Theycuttheirhairveryshort.Theyalsoworeveryplainandsimpleclothes.LeaderKingCharlesIOliverCromwellLaterpoliticalpartiesTheToriesTheWhigsTheinterestsrepresentedTheconservativeforcesTheinterestsofBourgeoisie–WhigsandTories•TheWhigs:opposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists(不从国教者).•TheTories:supportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings,theforerunnersoftheConservativeParty.TheConsequences•CharlesIwasdeposedandbeheaded,andEnglandwasdeclaredaCommonwealth.•TheEnglishCivilWarnotonlyoverthrewfeudalsysteminEnglandbutalsoshookthefoundationofthefeudalruleinEurope.•Itisgenerallyregardedasthebeginningofmodernworldhistory.TheRestorationOliverCromwelldiedin1658Richard,LordProtectorGeorgeMonckKingCharlesIIin1660TheGloriousRevolution–Whywasthecoupd'étatcalled“theGloriousRevolution”?JamesII:RomanCatholicMary(daughterofJamesII)ProtestantWilliam:aProtestantkingProtestantCatholicProtestantProtestantSophia