(new)(6)TheNewspaperLead(新闻导语)

1TheNewspaperLead2I.IntroductionTheleadisastatementofthemostsignificantaspectofanevent.Thatinformation---theclimaxoftheevent,thethemestatementofaspeech,theresultofaninvestigation---ispresentedassimplyandclearlyaspossibleinthefirstparagraph.Itsetsthetone.Itadvertiseswhatiscomingintherestofthestory.Itconveysthemostimportantinformationofthestory.3I.IntroductionTheleadssitsatopanews-writingformulacalledtheinvertedpyramid,inwhichinformationisarrangedindescendingorderofimportance.Thosefollowingparagraphsexplainandprovideevidencetosupportthelead.Usually,eachparagraphcontainsoneidea.4新闻导语新闻导语(newslead)是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是新闻报道全文最重要的部分。它以最简练的语言把新闻报道中最重要、最精彩的内容完整地呈现出来，使读者读完导语之后就能获悉新闻报道的主要内容。新闻报道的导语一般具有六个要素，俗称5个W和1个H：Who，What,Where,When,Why和How。5II.DifferentTypesofNewspaperLeadsTherearedifferenttypesofnewspaperleads.Generallyspeaking,theycanbedividedintotwocategories:1.TheSummaryLead(综述性导语),whichusuallygivesthestory’smaintopicanditsmostimportantfactsandwhichisusuallyusedin“HardNews”writing.2.TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)whichiscommonlyusedinthe“SoftNews”writingandfeaturestories.61.TheSummaryLeadTheSummaryLeadisthemostpopularleadwhichgenerallyanswersthesixquestions:who,what,where,when,why,andhow.InaSummaryLead,thefiveWsandoneHgivethesubstanceofthefirstparagraphandalsoserveastheframeworkforthebodyofthestory.ButnotallSummaryLeadsanswerallthesixquestions.Somewillansweronlythreeorfourorfiveofthesixquestions.7概括性导语概括性导语也称作直接式导语(summaryleadordirectlead),是新闻报道写作中最常用的、最普遍的一种形式,尤其适用于“倒金字塔”结构的硬消息。其特点就是在第一段写出导语的六个要素，即：5个W和1个H。当然，在导语中有的记者回答全部六个问题，有的只回答其中的部分问题。81.TheSummaryLeadTheSummaryLead(概括性导语)The“Who”LeadThe“What”LeadThe“When”LeadThe“Where”LeadThe“why”LeadThe“How”Lead91.TheSummaryLeadIsraellaunchedamajorgroundinvasionoftheGazaStrip(加沙地带)onSaturdaynight,movingintanks,infantry(步兵)andartillery(炮兵)unitsaftereightdaysofrelentless(不间断的)airattacksfailedtohalt(停止)Hamasrocketfirefromthenarrowcoastalterritory.WhoIsraelWhatlaunchedamajorgroundinvasionWhenonSaturdaynightWheretheGazaStripWhytohaltHamasrocketfireHowmovingintanks,infantryandartilleryunits101.TheSummaryLeadOfcourse,seldomleadsanswerallthesixquestionsasabove.Mostleadsansweronlyone,two,three,orfourofthequestions.Forinstance:111.TheSummaryLeadAtleast1,000rioters(暴徒)clashed(冲突)withthepoliceonSundayinaregionalcapitalinwesternChinaafterdaysofrisingtensionsbetweenMuslimUighurs(维吾尔族)andHanChinese,accordingtowitnessesandphotographsoftheriot(骚乱).Whoatleast1,000riotersWhatclashedwiththepoliceWhenonSundayWhereinaregionalcapitalinwesternChinaWhyrisingtensionsbetweenMuslimUighursandHanChinese121.TheSummaryLeadAnexplosionatanapartmentblockinnorthwesternBrussels(布鲁塞尔)killed4peopleandinjured14earlyyesterday,policesaid.WhatanexplosionWhereatanapartmentblockinnorthwesternBrusselsWhenearlyyesterday131.TheSummaryLeadThemovetosimpler,shorterleadshasresultedinthepracticeoffeaturingoneWwhichismuchmoreimportantthantheothers.Thefollowingexamplesshowhowoneelementcanbefeatured.141.TheSummaryLeadThewho:AprivatewatchmanshotasuspectedburglarTuesdaywhenheandtwocompanionsresistedarrestThewhat:NewsafetyregulationsconcerningairbaginautomobileswereannouncedduringapressconferenceinWashingtonD.C.thismorning.151.TheSummaryLeadThewhen:At7:42P.Mtoday,afulllunareclipsewillbevisibleinmostpartofChina,theCentralAstronomicalStationannounced.Thewhere:Inher400-year-oldancestralhome,theonlydaughterofanEnglishgeneralrecentlybecamethewifeofagypsy,whoworkedasahandymanontheestate.161.TheSummaryLeadThewhy:TryingtopassanothercarwhiletravelingathighspeedbroughtseriousinjurytotwomenFridaynightwhentheirautomobileoverturnedonWashingtonBoulevardatPotterAvenueThehow:Tyingalargeballoontohisbody,aboyoftenjumpeddownfromthewindowofhishouseontheeighthfloor,fortunatelytobecaughtonabigtree.172.TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)TheDelayedLeadisdifferentfromthesummarylead.Thesummaryleadsummarizesthewholestorywhilethedelayedleadtendstorelyheavilyonsuspendedinterest,althoughitmayansweroneormoreoftheWs.Itmayhavemoreattractionforthereaderbecauseofitsnovelty,liveliness,andliterarytinge.Thefollowingleadsofthiskindarecommonlyusedinmodernnewspapers.182.TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)描述式导语指报道的第一段描写与新闻事件有关的某个细节，制造气氛，烘托主题，确定基调，让读者身临其境般地阅读理解新闻报道。从下面的例子可以看出这两种导语的区别：1975年2月2日，美国驻联合国大使莫伊尼汉辞职。美国《纽约时报》用概括性导语报道了这条消息：华盛顿2月2日电丹尼尔·莫伊尼汉今天辞去了美国常驻联合国代表的职务。192.TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)过了几天，美国《新闻周刊》再报道这一消息时，便用了延缓性导语：空军一号欢快地飞越中西部，午餐在途中进行。总统刚刚在他的座位上坐稳，麻烦事就来了。“总统先生，有个不好的消息报告你”，白宫办公室主任理查德·查理报告说，“帕特·莫伊尼汉辞职了。”福特抬起头来吃惊地问：“为什么？”202.TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)TheDelayedLead(延缓性导语)TheDescriptiveLeadTheContrastLeadTheQuotationLeadTheQuestionLeadThePersonalLeadTheSuspenseLead212.1.TheDescriptiveLead(描述式导语)TheDescriptiveLeadtriestopaintaquickwordpictureofaninterestingperson,place,orthing.Italsohelpscreatethemoodforthestorysothatitmatchthesubject.描述式导语指报道的第一段描写与新闻事件有关的某个细节，制造气氛，烘托主题，确定基调，让读者身临其境般地阅读理解新闻报道。222.1.TheDescriptiveLead(描述式导语)e.g.GUNSHOTS,carhornsandfirecrackersrangoutacrossthesnowystreetshereyesterdayasKosovodeclareditselfthenewestnationintheworld.在这条导语中，记者详细地描述了人们鸣枪、放烟火、汽车鸣笛的喜庆氛围，以说明人们