OracleERP实施和估算方法的改进研究与应用

上海交通大学硕士学位论文OracleERP实施和估算方法的改进研究与应用姓名：汪晓华申请学位级别：硕士专业：软件工程指导教师：王东;郭建全20090601OracleERPIOracleERPERPOracleAIM(ApplicationImplementationMethod)OracleERPOracleOracleERPOracleERPERPERPOracleERPERPOracleAIM5OracleERPIIOracleERPAIMCOCOMOIITCOOracleERPOracleERPAIMOracleERPIIIIMPROVEMENTANDAPPLICATIONOFORACLEERPIMPLEMENTATIONANDESTIMATIONMETHODABSTRACTAstothecomplexityoftheOracleERPimplementationprojectanduncertaintyoftheprocess,itisthemosteffectivewaytoreduceprojectrisksbyadoptingtechnology,templates,bestpracticesandmanagementstandardsofsophisticatedmethodologyinallaspectsofproject.OnesophisticatedERPimplementationmethodologyshouldnotonlybeacompletetheoreticalsystem,butalsohavethefeatureofoperability,tobeabletoworkastheguidingroleinthespecificimplementation.OracleAIM(ApplicationImplementationMethod)methodologyiswidelyusedintheareaofOracleERPimplementation,andincludesthemethodsandstepsrequiredbyimplementationofOracleproducts.ForthoseconsultingfirmsandclientcompanieswhoareplanningorintheprocessofOracleERPimplementation,itisanimportantindicatoroffinalsuccesswhetherhaveestimatedtheprojectsscalereasonablyandcontrolledprojectcostsattheprojectplanningstage.Oneonehand,alotoflocalcompanyswillapplytheadvancedOraclemanagementthoughttoimprovetheirmanagementflow;ontheotherhand,industrybackgroundandbusinessprocessofthosecompaniesaredifferentfromeachother.It'slikelytofindthatthestandardERPsystemcouldnotmeetalltheneedsoftheclient,orbeinappropriatefortheclientactualsituation,whichleadstothesecondarydevelopmentofERP.Howtomeasurethedevelopmentscale,arrangeprojectresourcesandcontrolOracleERPIVprojectprogressandcost?Theseissuesarealsothekeyproblemsofimplementationprojects.IresearchedavarietyofmoresophisticatedimplementationmethodologiesintheERPindustry,especiallyfocusingonOracleAIM.Ianalyzedthefeaturesofthesemethods,pointedoutthattherewerestillsomeshortcomingsinmethods,andsuggestedanewfive-stageimplementationmethod.ThepaperfocusonthecostestimateissuesofthesecondarydevelopmentprojectintheimplementationofOracleERP,throughanalysisofthecompatibilityofAIM(ApplicationImplementationMethod)estimationmethodandtheprimarycauseoftheestimatedeviationinactualusageprocess.Inviewofthesereasons,thepaperfurtherproposedsomeimprovementmethodstopresentestimatemodel:capturetheprimaryfactorsthatinfluencedevelopmentworkloadtoimprovetheexistingevaluationcriteria;introducethepointofapplicationastheestimateunit;eliminatethesteppedsuddenchangeproblemofdifficultyappraisalthroughlinearinterpolationcomputationadjustingapplicationpoints;integratetheCOCOMOIIextendedmodelapplicationcompositionmodeltointroducethedevelopingmultiplyingexploiterabilityexperience'sfactortoestimatemodel.TheimprovedimplementationandestimationmethodscouldbethereferenceroleinOracleERPproject,andwillprovidethethetechnology,templates,bestpracticesandmanagementstandardsforallaspectsoftheprojectcycles.KeywordsOracleERP,implementationmethodology,AIM,effortestimationOracleERPOracleERPOracleERP111.1.1ERPERPEnterpriseResourcePlanning()GartnerGroup90MRPII(ManufacturingResourcesPlanning)(SupplyChain)ERPERPERP1.1.2OracleERPERPERPERPERPERP1-1OracleERP2ERPFig.1-1ERPcustomizationandsecondarydevelopmentOracleE-BusinessSuite(OracleERP)ERPOracleSAPOracleERPOracleOracleERPOracleERPOracleERP1.2ERPERPOracleAIMSAPASAPJDER.E.P.BAANTargetBearingPointProvenCourseOracleERP3OracleERPCOCOMO81COCOMOIICOCOMOCOBRAWeb-COBRAOracleOracleAIMOracle1.31.3.11.ERPOracleERPERPOracleERP42.OracleAIMOracleAIMAIMCOCOMOII3.OracleERP1.3.2ABC1.45ERPOracleERP5OracleAIMOracleERPCOCOMOIIOracleERP6OracleERPOracleERPOracleAIMOracleOFSOracleERPOracleERPOracleERPOracleERPOracleAIMFig.1-2StructureofthepaperOracleERP72OracleERP2.1OracleERP2.1.1OracleERPOracleERP8OracleERPOracleERPOracleERP(Multi-Org)(Flexfield)(1)ERPOracleERP(2)(Multi-Org)OracleERP(BusinessGroup)(LegalEntityLE)(OperatingUnitOU)(InventoryOrganizationIO)()OracleERP2-2Fig.2-2Multi-OrganizationinOracleERP(3)(FlexField)OracleERP9OracleERPOracleERP(KeyFlexfield)(DescriptionFlexfield)(Segment)30()3068(4)(SetofBook)OracleERP2.1.2ERPITProjectMapERPERPOracleERP10ERPERP1.OracleOracleApplicationsAIMPJMOracleApplications(PJM)AIMOracleAIMOracleAIM2.SAPERPASAPSAPR/3ASAPASAPSAPSAPSAPSAPASAPR/3,3.BaaNERPiBaaNTarget8000BaanERPTargetERPERPTarget//(PSO)OracleERP114.BearingPointProvenCourseProvenCourseProverCourse2.1.3OracleMethodOracleMethodOracleAIM()PJM()BPR()CDM()•BPR(Bus1nessProcessReengineering)BPR()(Process)•ISS(InformationSystemsStrategy)ISS()•ETA(Enterpr1seTechnica1Architecture)EAT()TI•CDM(CustomDevelopmentManagement)CDM()•AIM(ApplicationImplementationManagement)AIM()OracleERPCRMOracleOracleERP12•OCM(OrganizationalChangeManagement)OCM():•PGM(ProgramManagement/ProgramOffice)PGM()OracleOracle•PJM(ProjectManagement)PJM()OracleITITITAIMOracleISSETAAIMBPROCMAIMPGM(AIM)PJMAIMCDMAIMAIMAIMOraclePJM2.2OracleERP2.2.1OracleAIMOracleAIMPJMOracleAIMOracleERP13OracleAIMPJMOracle(1)OracleAIMPJM(2)OracleAIMERP(3)OracleAIMOracleERP142.2.2OracleERPOracleERP(1)OracleERPOracleOracleERPOracleERP(2)OracleERPFormBu