中英新闻消息写作

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DESCRIPTION第二篇消息写作HardNews(消息/硬新闻)时效过硬尽可能在第一时间发布内容过硬公众欲知、需知、应知的事实写消息---把手中掌握的事实组织成一条脉络清楚、逻辑严密、能够引起读者兴趣、文字质量达到发布标准的“故事”(story)。新闻六要素与倒金字塔结构新闻与事实的关系新闻---对事实的报道事实---构建新闻材料的原材料事件的六要素:5W+HWHATWHOWHENWHEREWHYHOWWhathashappened.Whoisinvolvedoraffected.Whenthestorytookplace.Wherethestorytookplace.Whyisitthatthestoryhappened.Howithappened.Reorderthefollowingsentences:1.A7-year-oldgirlhasbeenkidnapped,rapedandbeatentodeath.2.Thebodywasnudeandbrutallybattered.3.Thatwasfourhoursandtenminutesbeforepolicefoundthebody.4.Policefoundthechild’sbodyinaclumpofbushesofftheBayshoreDrive.5.Shewasblue-eyedJudithAnnRobertsofBaltimore.Herfatherisalawyerandlaborleader.6.Thechild’smother,Mrs.ShirleyRoberts,reportedherdaughtermissingat1:10a.m.1-5-4-2-6-3---WHAT---WHO---WHEN---WHERE---HOW---WHEN倒金字塔结构新闻导语写作的基本要求开门见山,切忌“慢三拍”突出“亮点”,不要写“埋藏式导语”为标题拟定打好基础用“新闻提要”补充标题未能概括的内容Sometypicalleads:Japanhassurrendered.---1945年8月16日《纽约先驱论坛报》Manlandedonthemoontoday.---1969年7月20日合众国际社电PresidentFitzgeraldKennedywasshottodeathbyanassassinarmedwithahigh-poweredrifle.---1963年11月22日美联社电PresidentRichardNixonannouncedhisresignationtonight“intheinterestofthenation.”---1974年8月9日《纽约先驱论坛报》开门见山报道最重要、读者最关心的事实;有话直说,不要转弯抹角不要写出“没有新闻的导语”,即“慢三拍导语”突出“亮点”即突出足以扣动读者心弦的事实SHANGHAI(AFP)---ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandYaoMinghelpedkickofftheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGameshereonTuesdayforarecord7300mentallydisabledathletes.Schwarzenegger,whosewifeisthedaughteroftheSpecialOlympicsfounderandthesisterofitscurrentchairman,spokeofhis“pride”atattendingChina’sfirst-everstagingofamajorsportseventforpeoplewithmentaldisabilities…解决亮点不明显的办法:一、提供与“亮点”相关的新闻背景,使“亮点”得以突出。二、新闻事件的“亮点”往往隐藏在众多事实、大量数字背后,要求记者精心工作,把“亮点”筛选出来。TheChineseGovernmentspent400billionyuaninits1977revenueonimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.OnethirdoftheChinesegovernmentrevenuefor1977wasusedtoimprovepeople’slife.为标题拟定打好基础标题包含稿件中的关键词或关键词的同义词,从而浓缩稿件的内容。如果稿件写得好,那么写标题的编辑只要读头一、两段,不必往下面读就可以找到合适的词。---柯蒂斯·麦克杜格尔教授InternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(1)日期:1945年4月22日导语:London,April30(AP)–TheBerlinRadioannouncedtonightthatRedtankshadbursttheflaming,rubble-strewnstreetsofthecapital,withinthreemilesofitsheart,inanoverwhelmingfinalassaultonthethree-quarterencircledcity.次导语:TheNazisthrewVolkssturnforcesintothebattlesasmassedRussianarmiesfoughtthesuburbstowardstheshell-crateredcenterofthecity.标题:RedTanksStormintoFlamingCapital新闻概略:RussianThreeMilesfromHeartofBerlin;VolkssturnThrownintoBattleintheCity’sStreets通栏标题:RussianinBerlin日期:1945年5月8日导语:TheGermanArmyannouncedyesterdaythatithadsurrenderedunconditionally,layingdownitsarmsindefeatafterfiveyearsandeightmonthsofbitterwarfareragingoverEurope.标题:NaziSurrenderUnconditional通栏标题:VictoryInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(2)日期:1963年11月23-24日通栏标题:KENNEDYASSASSINATED标题:IsShotDowninCarbyaHiddenSniperasHeRidesThroughDowntownDallasJohnsonQuicklySworninasPresidentInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(3)日期:1969年7月21日导语:SpaceCenter,Houston,July20,1969(UPI)---ManlandedontheMoontoday.标题:TwoAstronautsLandCraftSafely通栏标题:MANONMOONInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(4)注意事项:通栏标题和标题一般只用关键词,不用完整句子省去一切只起语法作用的词汇一般使用现在时或现在进行时,增强新闻的即时性“新闻提要”的作用一个新闻事件或新闻人物出现过个“亮点”时,导语无法概括其所有“亮点”时,Newhighlights补充标题未能概括的内容700-poundmandreamsofwalkingdowntheaisle新闻提要:---ManuelUribeonceweighed1235poundsbuthaslostabout550---HesayshisweightballoonedaftertoomuchjunkfoodintheUnited---Botchedliposuctionlefthimwithgianttumorsinhislegs---Heplanstolaunchafoundationtoeducatepeopleaboutobesity新闻导语:Monterrey,Mexico(AP)---ManuelUribe,whoonceweighedahalf-tonbutslimmeddowntoabout700pounds,celebrateshis43rdbirthdayWednesdaywithasimplewishforthecomingyear:tobeabletostandonhisowntwofeettogetmarried.单一要素导语Single-elementNewsLeadsTHEWHOLEADTHEWHATLEADTHEWHENLEADTHEWHERELEADTHEHOWLEADTHEWHOLEAD主人公地位显要、影响力特别强,同时发生了公众关注的事情,那么不论是正面还是负面,都应当使用何人导语。需要利用新闻人物的影响、权威突出新闻事件时;新闻人物独特,在某些方面比较“稀有”时;报道“稀有人物”时,应当在导语中将他们的独特之处加以突出;读者可能不熟悉的新闻人物一般不出现在导语中,可以在次导语中介绍人名、职衔等。Example1---ChinaDailyWHASHTONG---BarackHusseinObamaClaimedhisplaceinhistoryasAmerica’sfirstblackpresidentTuesday,summoningadispiritedanddividednationtouniteinhopeagainstthe“gatheringcloudsandragingstorms”ofunfinishedwarandgraveeconomicwoe.华盛顿电---作为美国第一位黑人总统,巴拉克奥巴马星期二申明了他的历史地位:他号召这个心灰意懒、众说纷纭的国家在这个“乌云密布、风暴来袭”的时刻团结起来,应对仍未结束的战争和严重的经济疾病。Example1-2—刘翔因伤退出比赛新华社(Xinhua):DefendingOlympicchampionLiuXiangpulledoutofthemen’s110mhurdlesfirstroundattheBeijingOlympicsMondaymorning.中国国际广播电台(RadioChinaInternational):LiuXiangpulledoutoftheOlympics110mhurdlesracebecauseofanexacerbatedtendoninjuryinhisrightfootonMondaymorning,dashingChina’sonlygoldhopeinOlympictrackandfield.美国哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS):DefendingOlympicchampionLiuXiangofChinaleftacrowdof91000instunnedsilenceatBeijing’sNationalStadiumashewithdrewfromthemen’s110-metrehurdleswitharightfootinjuryonMonday.路透社(Reuters):LiuXiang’squesttowinahomeOlympicgoldendedbeforeithadbegunonMonday,asaninjurypreventedthe110meterhurdlefromstartinghisfirstheat.Example2SYNDEY(Reuters)---ChinesePresidentHuJingtaopresidedoverth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