DESCRIPTION第二篇消息写作HardNews(消息/硬新闻)时效过硬尽可能在第一时间发布内容过硬公众欲知、需知、应知的事实写消息---把手中掌握的事实组织成一条脉络清楚、逻辑严密、能够引起读者兴趣、文字质量达到发布标准的“故事”(story)。新闻六要素与倒金字塔结构新闻与事实的关系新闻---对事实的报道事实---构建新闻材料的原材料事件的六要素:5W+HWHATWHOWHENWHEREWHYHOWWhathashappened.Whoisinvolvedoraffected.Whenthestorytookplace.Wherethestorytookplace.Whyisitthatthestoryhappened.Howithappened.Reorderthefollowingsentences:1.A7-year-oldgirlhasbeenkidnapped,rapedandbeatentodeath.2.Thebodywasnudeandbrutallybattered.3.Thatwasfourhoursandtenminutesbeforepolicefoundthebody.4.Policefoundthechild’sbodyinaclumpofbushesofftheBayshoreDrive.5.Shewasblue-eyedJudithAnnRobertsofBaltimore.Herfatherisalawyerandlaborleader.6.Thechild’smother,Mrs.ShirleyRoberts,reportedherdaughtermissingat1:10a.m.1-5-4-2-6-3---WHAT---WHO---WHEN---WHERE---HOW---WHEN倒金字塔结构新闻导语写作的基本要求开门见山,切忌“慢三拍”突出“亮点”,不要写“埋藏式导语”为标题拟定打好基础用“新闻提要”补充标题未能概括的内容Sometypicalleads:Japanhassurrendered.---1945年8月16日《纽约先驱论坛报》Manlandedonthemoontoday.---1969年7月20日合众国际社电PresidentFitzgeraldKennedywasshottodeathbyanassassinarmedwithahigh-poweredrifle.---1963年11月22日美联社电PresidentRichardNixonannouncedhisresignationtonight“intheinterestofthenation.”---1974年8月9日《纽约先驱论坛报》开门见山报道最重要、读者最关心的事实;有话直说,不要转弯抹角不要写出“没有新闻的导语”,即“慢三拍导语”突出“亮点”即突出足以扣动读者心弦的事实SHANGHAI(AFP)---ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandYaoMinghelpedkickofftheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGameshereonTuesdayforarecord7300mentallydisabledathletes.Schwarzenegger,whosewifeisthedaughteroftheSpecialOlympicsfounderandthesisterofitscurrentchairman,spokeofhis“pride”atattendingChina’sfirst-everstagingofamajorsportseventforpeoplewithmentaldisabilities…解决亮点不明显的办法:一、提供与“亮点”相关的新闻背景,使“亮点”得以突出。二、新闻事件的“亮点”往往隐藏在众多事实、大量数字背后,要求记者精心工作,把“亮点”筛选出来。TheChineseGovernmentspent400billionyuaninits1977revenueonimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.OnethirdoftheChinesegovernmentrevenuefor1977wasusedtoimprovepeople’slife.为标题拟定打好基础标题包含稿件中的关键词或关键词的同义词,从而浓缩稿件的内容。如果稿件写得好,那么写标题的编辑只要读头一、两段,不必往下面读就可以找到合适的词。---柯蒂斯·麦克杜格尔教授InternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(1)日期:1945年4月22日导语:London,April30(AP)–TheBerlinRadioannouncedtonightthatRedtankshadbursttheflaming,rubble-strewnstreetsofthecapital,withinthreemilesofitsheart,inanoverwhelmingfinalassaultonthethree-quarterencircledcity.次导语:TheNazisthrewVolkssturnforcesintothebattlesasmassedRussianarmiesfoughtthesuburbstowardstheshell-crateredcenterofthecity.标题:RedTanksStormintoFlamingCapital新闻概略:RussianThreeMilesfromHeartofBerlin;VolkssturnThrownintoBattleintheCity’sStreets通栏标题:RussianinBerlin日期:1945年5月8日导语:TheGermanArmyannouncedyesterdaythatithadsurrenderedunconditionally,layingdownitsarmsindefeatafterfiveyearsandeightmonthsofbitterwarfareragingoverEurope.标题:NaziSurrenderUnconditional通栏标题:VictoryInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(2)日期:1963年11月23-24日通栏标题:KENNEDYASSASSINATED标题:IsShotDowninCarbyaHiddenSniperasHeRidesThroughDowntownDallasJohnsonQuicklySworninasPresidentInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(3)日期:1969年7月21日导语:SpaceCenter,Houston,July20,1969(UPI)---ManlandedontheMoontoday.标题:TwoAstronautsLandCraftSafely通栏标题:MANONMOONInternationalHeraldTribune(《国际先驱论坛报》)(4)注意事项:通栏标题和标题一般只用关键词,不用完整句子省去一切只起语法作用的词汇一般使用现在时或现在进行时,增强新闻的即时性“新闻提要”的作用一个新闻事件或新闻人物出现过个“亮点”时,导语无法概括其所有“亮点”时,Newhighlights补充标题未能概括的内容700-poundmandreamsofwalkingdowntheaisle新闻提要:---ManuelUribeonceweighed1235poundsbuthaslostabout550---HesayshisweightballoonedaftertoomuchjunkfoodintheUnited---Botchedliposuctionlefthimwithgianttumorsinhislegs---Heplanstolaunchafoundationtoeducatepeopleaboutobesity新闻导语:Monterrey,Mexico(AP)---ManuelUribe,whoonceweighedahalf-tonbutslimmeddowntoabout700pounds,celebrateshis43rdbirthdayWednesdaywithasimplewishforthecomingyear:tobeabletostandonhisowntwofeettogetmarried.单一要素导语Single-elementNewsLeadsTHEWHOLEADTHEWHATLEADTHEWHENLEADTHEWHERELEADTHEHOWLEADTHEWHOLEAD主人公地位显要、影响力特别强,同时发生了公众关注的事情,那么不论是正面还是负面,都应当使用何人导语。需要利用新闻人物的影响、权威突出新闻事件时;新闻人物独特,在某些方面比较“稀有”时;报道“稀有人物”时,应当在导语中将他们的独特之处加以突出;读者可能不熟悉的新闻人物一般不出现在导语中,可以在次导语中介绍人名、职衔等。Example1---ChinaDailyWHASHTONG---BarackHusseinObamaClaimedhisplaceinhistoryasAmerica’sfirstblackpresidentTuesday,summoningadispiritedanddividednationtouniteinhopeagainstthe“gatheringcloudsandragingstorms”ofunfinishedwarandgraveeconomicwoe.华盛顿电---作为美国第一位黑人总统,巴拉克奥巴马星期二申明了他的历史地位:他号召这个心灰意懒、众说纷纭的国家在这个“乌云密布、风暴来袭”的时刻团结起来,应对仍未结束的战争和严重的经济疾病。Example1-2—刘翔因伤退出比赛新华社(Xinhua):DefendingOlympicchampionLiuXiangpulledoutofthemen’s110mhurdlesfirstroundattheBeijingOlympicsMondaymorning.中国国际广播电台(RadioChinaInternational):LiuXiangpulledoutoftheOlympics110mhurdlesracebecauseofanexacerbatedtendoninjuryinhisrightfootonMondaymorning,dashingChina’sonlygoldhopeinOlympictrackandfield.美国哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS):DefendingOlympicchampionLiuXiangofChinaleftacrowdof91000instunnedsilenceatBeijing’sNationalStadiumashewithdrewfromthemen’s110-metrehurdleswitharightfootinjuryonMonday.路透社(Reuters):LiuXiang’squesttowinahomeOlympicgoldendedbeforeithadbegunonMonday,asaninjurypreventedthe110meterhurdlefromstartinghisfirstheat.Example2SYNDEY(Reuters)---ChinesePresidentHuJingtaopresidedoverth