媒介即控制及其理论想象

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,,,,:??(Tech2nopoly)??,,?,,,,,,(HaroldInnis),(MarshallMcLuhan),(NeilPostman)(Technopoly),:,:,,,,,,,,,,/,,,,[1]:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:??(Technopoly)??,,??,,,14,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[2]:,,,,,,,,,,,,,[3],,,,,,,,,,[4],:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,,,,,[5]:,[6],,2420102,,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[7],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[8](HerbertMarcuse,1898-1979),,,,[9],,,,,,,,,,(MayFlower)(BayPalsmBook)(Com2monSense),17,85%90%,[10],,,19,[11]:,,,,[12],:,,,(),:,,,,,,[13],34,,,;,,,,,MSNseeyoucu[14],,,,1964,,,1956,;1960,;1963,(TheEdSullivanShow)[15];,,(HarveyOswald)(JackRuby),,,,,,,,,(Metaphor)(Analogy)[16],,,,,;,,,,[17],,:,,,[18],,,,,,(Technopoly),,[19],,(Tool-using)(Technocracy)(Technopoly)[20],:,,,,,,,[21],,,4420102,,,,,,,,,,[22],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(AIDS)[23],,,,,,,,,;,17,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,[24]?,,,,,,,,:,,:[25],,?,,54,,,,,(),:,,,;,,,(Manipulus),[26],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,:,,,,,(Mediamonopoly),:,,,,,,,,,,[27],,:,,,;,[28],,,,(BruceOwen)1975,,,,6420102,:,,,,,,[29]:,,,,,;,,,,;,[30],?,20(PatrickGeddes),:[31],(Megalopolis),1964(ThePentagonofPower)(Megalopolis),,[32]:,(Mongolism)(Giantism)[33](ThePentagonofPower)(Megamachine),,,,,,,,:?,,,,,[34],,,[35],,,,,,:?:,,,;,,74,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:??,?,,,;,?,;,,,,:???(04JJD860002):,[1],:,,2007,30193[2],:,,1992,285[3],:,,2004,47[4],:,,2007,7[5],:,,1992,36[6],:,,1992,286[7]Havelock,E1A1,(1986)1Themuselearnstowrite:Reflectionsonoralityandliteracyfroman2tiquitytothepresent1NewHaven,CT:YaleUni2versityPress1P1571[8]M1Heidegger:BasicWriting,p2951editedbyDavidFarrellKrell(London:Routledge,1988);ThetranslationismodifiedaccordingtoGermanedition,BriefberdenHumanismus,inWegmarken(FrankfurtamMain:VittorioKlostermann,1976),Gesamtausgabe,vol19,P13331[9]:,,1988,10[10]Postman,Neil1(1985)1Amusingourselvestodeath1NewYork,NY:Viking1P1311[11]Postman,Neil1(1985)1Amusingourselvestodeath1NewYork,NY:Viking1P1411[12]Postman,Neil1(1985)1Amusingourselvestodeath1NewYork,NY:Viking1P1431[13],,::,2000,426[14]Andrew,Dulley(Ed1)1(1997)1Theimageindispute:Artandcinemaintheageofphotogra2phy1Austin:UniversityofTexasPress1[15]2050-60,CBS,1948620197166,8[16],:,,20058420102,40[17],:,,20045,1011[18]:,,,20045,12[19],:,,2007,30[20],:,,2007,12[21],:,,2007,14[22],:,,2007,14[23],:,,2007,37[24],:,,2007,42[25]Jenkins,H1Convergence?IDiverge1TechnologyReview,2001,June1P1931[26]-,:(),,2004,18-19[27],:,,2005,132[28]H,:(),,2004,12[29]BruceOwen:EconomicsandFreedomofExpres2sion:MediaStructureandtheFirstAmendment,Cambridge,MassBallingerPub1Co1,19751[30]:,,2007,360[31],,,FriedrichRatzel(1844-1904),Agnew,J1,Liv2ingstone,D1N1andRogers,A1,editors1996:Humangeography:anessentialanthology1Ox2ford:Blackwell1,1996:Chapter32[32]Mumford,Lewis1(1964)1Themythofthema2chine:I1Technicsandhumandevelopment1NewYork,NY:HarcourtBraceandWorld1[Latereditionswerepublishedin1967and19711]:graphicsection201[33]Mumford,Lewis1(1964)1Themythofthema2chine:I1Technicsandhumandevelopment1NewYork,NY:HarcourtBraceandWorld1[Latereditionswerepublishedin1967and19711]:graphicsection241[34]Postman,Neil1(2000)1ThehumanismofMediaEcology1KeynotespeechatthefirstannualconventionoftheMediaEcologyAssocia2tion1P121[35]Tnnes,F1(1955)1CommunityandAssociation.London:RKP,P137194succeedofimageusecomesfromintuitiveperceptionandrationalanalysisofpoliticalfig2uresaboutvaluepreferenceofthepublic.Moreover,theymustmakeresponseeffective2lybytheinterpersonalcommunicationstrategy,andshowtheprototypeleaderinau2dienceseyesinthepoliticaldraft.Thispaperanalyzestheconnectionbetweenestab2lishmentoftheAmericanpoliticaleliteimageandtheinterpersonalcommunicationstrate2gyinmicro-level,therebytorevealtheinterpersonalnatureofAmericanpoliticalcom2munication,anditsentertainmentmetaphor.31TheMainstreamMediainGermanyReconstructingtheProblemsofTibet:theContentAnalysisofGermanMediaReportsonTibetWangYihong,ZhangXiaowei,HeSuming,DingJieandjiangXiaochuanThepaperanalyzesthereportsofthreekeyGermannewspapersandtwomagazinesonproblemsofTibet,fromMarch12008toMarch152009.ThesemediaincludeDieWelt,SueddeutscheZeitung,FrankfurterAllgemeineZeitung,BildandDieZeitDerSpiegelandFocus.Thecontentanalysisshowsthatinaperiodof379days,theabovemediapaygreatattentiontotheproblemsofTibet.Thedailyreporttheyofferedare3.5,2.2,1.1,0.6and0.5respectively.ThecontentanalysisofDieWeltdiscoversthatwhilenegativereportstake51.9%,thepositivereportsonlytake1.9%.41TheMediaistheControlanditsTheoreticalImaginationShanBoandWangBingUnderthebasisofmediaecology,thispaperrepresentsafurtherexplanation:themediaisthecontrol.Thatistosay,thehiddenandextendingbiasthatembedsinusisactual2lytherationalcontrolbias.Themediacontrolassumestheformofrationalcontrol,mo2reover,itmediatessuchcontrol,resultingintheomnipresentmanipulationofoursense.Theissuestobeansweredare:howcouldrationalcontrolbeintegratedintothemediabiasandmediaecology?Whathistoricalprocessdoesitembody?HowdoesNeilPostmansTechnopolycomeintobeing?Howcanwereducetherationalcontrolandmediacontrol,cometothebalanceandfreemediaecology?50AnAnalysisofMediaRepresentationofFansCaiQiMediashapepublicperceptionsoffansthroughconstantlyshiftingt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