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:,,:,;,,,19,,,,,30506080,,,,,,,,,,,:,:,,,[1],,1500,400,(Steinen,KarlvonDen)20,300150039,(Cabral,P.A.),,40,(),,,,300,,,1530,,,;1532;1549,1615,100,,3000,,,,,;,,,,300,1580-1640,16()3000,1587(daSouza,G.S.),17(MattosGuerra),,,,,,,,,1750(Pombal),,,,,,::[2],18,1788-1792,(),,,,,1808,,300,;6,,;1808910,,47(GazetadoRiodeJaneiro),,(CorreioBrasiliense),1822,,,,,;,1822-1922:,,,1821,1822:,!,,,,1824,,300,;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1828,25,,15;,;(1831-1889),,(Andrada)(1823)(OTamuyo),16,,(Aurora),(ImperiodoBrazil)18541875(OEstadodeS.Paulo)17,:57:,,J1M1:,,,,,,,,[3],:,,1870,,,,(QuintinoBocaiuva),,(Republica);(GazetadeCampinas,1878)(1884)1889,72,,,,,,,,9700,112,,,1880500018892,1872(Maua,1813-1889),,,18603000,18886000,;,188911,,(,1969),,,;,(Bejaminconstant)1891,,,;,1891(JornaldoBrasil),,1892:,,,:,[4]67,1895;,;1825,100,(1898-1902),,,(),,1922,,,,,;,,,,(),,20-80:20,,20,20,,,,,,,,,,,20,,,,,()(1921)(1925)(1928)(1929)(1928),,,,,1906,1922,,,1930,18,,1936-PRA-2,,1930,,;,,,,193129181941-1951(),,,77:,,,(),,1891(JuliodeMesguita),1924,,,(1902-1906),,,,,,,,[5],,,,1930-1954,1964-19841930,(1926-1930),,,,;,,,1945,;1950,,195430,,1936,,,,:,,,,,,(DIP),;,[6]1964,20,;,;(90);();48197511,(Herzog,V.),70,,1978,197919841,,87,,,,,,,,,30,,19511952(ODia)(Manchete),,;150,70,,,,1968(Jeva),,,,,19509,(Tupi),()1960()60(Manchete)(Bandeirantes),1980,DIP,1945,DIP,197991976,,(RadioBras)1988(Ra2diobras),,1990,(ABR),,,701925(OGlobo)(Marini2ho)19451965,,801989,(),,(NET),(SLA)(Globosat),199823073500,80:80,,,,,(),97:,,,;,,,,,()80%:()4,227,201997332050,100%19831500,,,;(TVA)2695,19976250,,530,(Contemporanea),,,(ABR),60300,,,:11,,,60,100,26;3621(FolhadeS.Paulo),1921,,,60,20040;50,31,,,37;50,41,19,15,200851,,1983,,,20,3061,,1920,19291931,(GazetaMercantil)60,1014,1808,;60,,51972,,215,,,,87,,(),,30,(Bloch):[1]:,,1973,137[2]:,,1973,404[3]:,,1975,910[4][3],210[5][3],373382[6][3],,613615,,,19781-4,,,1973,,,1975,,,1988,,,1988,,,1985,,,1989,,1993,,199818:precedentedchallenges,suchasgovernmentcensorship,thesubordinationofme2diatobusinessinterests,etc.Butonetrendisobviousandnotreversible,thatis,thestatusofthemediainmodernsocietieshavetobeenhancedwiththeemer2genceofnewandadvancedcommunicationinstruments,andthosepolitical,cul2turalbarrierswhichinthepastwerethoughtinsurmountablewillbeovercomed.73Brazil:AJournalismHistorywithoutNativeTraditionChenLidanThisisthefirstpaperinChinaonthewholehistoryofjournalisminbrazil.ItnarratesthedevelopingcourseofjournalisminBrazil,andshowspropertiesinBraziljournalismhistoryasfollows:1.Forthelackofthetraditionalnativecul2turebasis,theBraziljournalisminanoutcomeofforeignculturetransmitting.Itsaudienceisalsocomposedmainlyoftheracescomingabroad.2.ThenationalityofBraziliscomingintobeinginpeacemode,soracialismseldomexists.Educa2tionalequalitymakesthebroadwayofmasscommunicationandreceivingnews.3.AliberalpolicyofthepresswasputinpracticeafterBrazilestablishedatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.ThisestablishedthestructurethatBraziljournal2ismismainlyrunningprivately.4.Forthecauseofhistory,bothpoliticiansandpublicareilliberalonthenatureofdemocracyregime.ThisisthecauseofVar2gasautarchyonpressinthedecadesfrom30Ästo50Äs.Afterbeingruledbysol2dieryfrom60Ästo80Äs,theylookmatureandcometothedevelopingroadwhollydirectedbymarket.82PrimaryObservationtotheUnitedStateÄsCom2municationEducationInspectingtheCaseofCommunicationandCultureDepartmentofIndianaUniversityXiaoxiang91TheSocialResponsibilityofJournalismRe2searcherinCanadaGuoZhenzhi79