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现在完成时巩固练习一.用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.________twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.__________19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.________4hours8._________anhourago9._______wewerechildren10._________lunchtime11.___________shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese________threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity________abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.二.单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten4、--Ourcountry______alotsofar.--Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better5、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying6、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew7、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see8.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,______?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey9、______hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_____toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived10.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway11.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened12.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome二.用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”过去完成时定义:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作，该动作发成的时间是“过去的过去”。E.g.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIgottothestation.这一过去的时间可用by,at,before等构成的短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。（1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.P.s.过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为助动词have(has)+过去分词；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。-I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。-Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）-Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。-Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即过去的过去）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时.如：Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper1.单项选择1．Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbe