Attributive-Clause-定语从句详解

TheAttributiveClause——ByLillianReviewAt3:42,everythingbegantoshake.TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing,()ismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.Ahugecrack()waseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeople()werekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.StrangethingshappenedbeforetheTangshanearthquake…OnthenightofJuly28,1976,onemillionpeopleofthecity,()thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusual.whowhichthatwhoReviewAftertheearthquake,nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed,buthopewasnotlost.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose()weretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors()homeshadbeendestroyed…Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.whosewhoObserveAt3:42,everythingbegantoshake.TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing,()ismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.Ahugecrack()waseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeople()werekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.StrangethingshappenedbeforetheTangshanearthquake…OnthenightofJuly28,1976,onemillionpeopleofthecity,()thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusual.whowhichthatwhoObserveAftertheearthquake,nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed,buthopewasnotlost.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose()weretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors()homeshadbeendestroyed…Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.whosewhopeople/thosewhotheearthquakewhichahugecrackthatsurvivorswhose先行词：名词/代词引导词：关系代词’TheAttributiveClauseTheAttributiveClause定语从句1.在复合句中做定语修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它一定放在被修饰名词之后。先行词(antecedent)TheboywhoistallisTom.关系词(relative)主句(MainClause)定语从句(AttributiveClause)关系词Relative关系词:引导定语从句的关联词thatwhichwhowhomwhosewherewhenwhy关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可指代人的关系代词who/whom/that/whose：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/(that)Iwanttomeet.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.who在从句中充当主语；whom充当宾语，可省略；that充当主语宾语都可；whose是属格，可修饰物。ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.关系代词可指代物的关系代词which/whose/that：Theapplewhich/thatisredismine.(主语)Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.(宾语)That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.(定语)which在从句充当主语或宾语（可省略）；that充当主语或宾语（可省略）；whose是属格充当定语。练一练Ishowedhimtheletter.IreceiveditthismorningIshowedhimtheletter(which/that)Ireceivedthismorning.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhich/thatcarriestheimportantnews.Theman_____/_____washereyesterdayisapainter.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.whothatthatwhosewhich练一练Thatistheboy______/_______/_______/_____youarelookingfor.whomthatwhich/关系代词归纳句子成分（从句中）限制性/非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句属性人物人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom（口语用who）whichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)Pairwork:Onestudentdescribethephotoonthescreen,anotheroneguesswhatitis.Thespeakercannottellthenamedirectly!Youneedtodescribethephotoswithattributiveclause.singer,actor,albumFantastic,LingKun,Taiwan…JayZhouChristmasTreeDictionaryTyphoonforChristmas,decorations…givealistofwords,explainmeanings…naturaldisaster,strongwinds…定语从句中只用that引导的情况1.当先行词前有这些词语修饰时：①the+形容词最高级②the+序数词③由thelast,thesame,theonly,thevery等修饰④有any,no,all等限定词时That’sthefirstbookthatIbought.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.IneedtoreviewallthewordsthatI’velearned.定语从句中只用that引导的情况2.当先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,something,little,much,few,nothing等时。3.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时。4.先行词是词组，而且词组含人又含物时。Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadvisitedinthecity.That’sallthatIcandonow.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.定语从句中只用that引导的情况5.当主语是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。（避免重复）Whichisthebikethatyoulost?定语从句中只用which引导的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。2.关系代词直接在介词后面时。e.g.Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.Thisisthehouse.Thefamouswriteroncelivedinit.Thisisthehouse(which/that)thefamouswriteroncelivedin.Thisisthehouseinwhichthefamouswriteroncelived.Thisisthehousewherethefamouswriteroncelived.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句prop.+which“物”根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的搭配来决定。用适当的介词填空：Ispent5yuan___thebook.Ipaid5yuan___thebook.Ilearnt_____thebookalot.Tomoftentalk______thebook.Thisisthebook________Ispent5yuan._________Ipaid5yuan.____________Ilearntalot._____________Tomoftentalk.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichonforfromabout介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Thisismypairofglasses,____________Icannotseeclearly.withoutwhichThisismypairofglasses.Icannotseeclearly_______it.withoutTheroom_____________________________facessouthismine.根据先行词。the+n.+of+which/whom可转换为whose+n.Theroomismine.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.thewindowofwhich/whosewindow根据句意来判断介词。prop.+whom“人”Doyouknowthegirlwith/to/aboutwhomheadteacheristalking?Theone_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.Theman___________theengineerworkslikessinging.Thepenfriend_________thepoetwritesisgoodathistory.forwhomwithwhomtowhom介词+关系代词引导的定语从句归纳2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用which/that指物，用who/whom/that指人；而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。Hereisthecar(that)Itoldyouabout.1.当介词位于关系代词之前时（介词提前），不能用that,而用which（物）和whom（人）。HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。Thisisthepen(that/which)Iamloo