搜索
个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途1/352009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(sforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10pointsqtrkqYlRbsResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.qtrkqYlRbsIntelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.qtrkqYlRbs个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途2/35Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.qtrkqYlRbsResearchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.qtrkqYlRbs1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]ImagineqtrkqYlRbs个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途3/352.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatenedqtrkqYlRbs3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmerqtrkqYlRbs4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priorityqtrkqYlRbs5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforwardqtrkqYlRbs6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]alongqtrkqYlRbs7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradualqtrkqYlRbs8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]thinkqtrkqYlRbs9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]differentqtrkqYlRbs10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backwardqtrkqYlRbs个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途4/3511.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costsqtrkqYlRbs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]acrossqtrkqYlRbs13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]applyqtrkqYlRbs14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstanceqtrkqYlRbs15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lestqtrkqYlRbs16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reachqtrkqYlRbs17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]withqtrkqYlRbs18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]OtherwiseqtrkqYlRbs19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostileqtrkqYlRbs20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]BetterstillqtrkqYlRbs个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途5/35SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40pointsqtrkqYlRbsText1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.qtrkqYlRbsSoitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.qtrkqYlRbs个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途6/35Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.qtrkqYlRbs“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”qtrkqYlRbsAllofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaborativelyandinnovatively.Atpuberty,个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途7/35however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.qtrkqYlRbsThecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book“ThisYearIWill...”andMs.Markova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.qtrkqYlRbs21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingqtrkqYlRbsA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD