Herman-Melville赫尔曼.梅尔维尔

HermanMelville(1819-1891)赫尔曼•梅尔维尔GeneralIntroductionHisLifeHismajorworksAppreciationofMobyDickGeneralIntroductionHermanMelville(1819-1891)wasanAmericannovelist,writerofshortstories,andpoet.HeisoneofthegreatAmericanwriters.HeisalsoknownastheAmericanShakespeare.Hewaslargelyunrecognizedinhislifetime.Hisreputationwasreviveduntilthe1920s.EarlylifeIn1819,MelvillewasborninNewYorkCity.Bothhisparentscamefromwell-to-dofamilies.Whenhewas11,hisfather,abusinessman,sufferedheavyfinanciallosses(亏损)andsoondiedfromworryandillness.Hedroppedoutofschoolwhenhewas15.Familycircumstanceswasworsehehadtoseekjob.Heworkedasastoreclerk,abankmessengerandateacher.SailingExperienceIn1839,hesignedonaBritishmerchantshipboundtoLiverpoolandback.In1841,hesignedonthewhaler（捕鲸船）Acushnetasasailor.In1842,MelvillejumpedoffshipintheMarquesasIslands.There,heforamonthwasthecaptiveofcannibaltribe（食人族）.In1843,heservedasseamanontheman-of-warUnitedStates.In1844,hewasdischarged.RetiringfromthearmyIn1847,hemarriedElizabethShaw.From1850till1863,heandwifelivedonafarmnearPittsfiledandbecameafriendofHawthorne.From1866to1885,hebecameacustomsofficialsofNewYork.In1891,hediedofillness.HismajorworksNovelsTypee《泰比》(1846)Ommo《欧穆》(1847)Mardi《玛地》(1849)Redburn《雷德本》(1849)WhiteJacket《白外衣》(1850)MobyDickorTheWhale《白鲸》《莫比•狄克》(1851)Pierre《皮埃尔》(1852)IsraelPotter《伊斯雷尔•波特》(1855)TheConfidence-Man《骗子的化妆表演》(1857)BillyBudd《比利•巴德》(1924)ShortstoriesThePiazzaTales《广场故事》(1856):ContainssomeofMelville'sfinestshorterworksBartlebytheScrivener《书记员巴特尔比》BenitoCereno《贝尼托•赛莱诺》PoetryBattle-PiecesandtheAspectsofwar《战事集》(1866)Clarel《克拉瑞尔》(1876)