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语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation缩写词，略语ablative夺格，离格accent重音（符）accusative宾格achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿龈alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义analogicalcreation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoricreference前指照应animate有生命的annotation注解antecedent先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称代类名antonym反义词antonymy反义(关系)appellative称谓性appliedlinguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性得体性approximant无摩擦延续音aptitudetest素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument中项中词主目article冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官articulatoryphonetics发音语音学artificialspeech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气送气assimilation同化associative联想associativemeaning联想意义assonance准压韵半谐音attributive属性修饰语定语auditoryphonetics听觉语音学authenticinput真实投入authorialstyle权威风格authoringprogram编程autonomy自主性auxiliary助词auxiliaryverb助动词Bbabblingstage婴儿语阶段back-formation逆构词法basecomponent基础部分behaviouralprocess行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial双唇音bilabialnasal双唇鼻音bilateralopposition双边对立bilingualism双语现象binarydivision二分法binaryfeature二分特征binarytaxonomy二分分类学binding制约bindingtheory制约论blade舌叶舌面前部blankverse无韵诗blending混成法borrowing借用借词boundmorpheme粘着语素boundingtheory管辖论bracketing括号法brevitymaxim简洁准则bridging架接broadtranscription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Browncorpus布朗语料库Ccalculability可计算性calque仿造仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinalnumeral基数cardinalvowel基本元音case格casegrammar格语法casetheory格理论category范畴categoricalcomponent范畴成分causative使役的使投动词center中心词centraldeterminer中心限定词chainrelation链状关系chainsystem链状系统choice选择choicesystem选择系统circumstance环境因子class词类classshift词性变换clause小句从句click吸气音咂音clipping截断法closedclass封闭类closedsyllable闭音节cluster音丛coarticulation协同发音coda结尾音节符尾code语码信码cognitivepsychology认知心理学cognitivesystem认知系统coherence相关关联cohension衔接co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocativemeaning搭配意义colorword色彩词colorwordsystem色彩词系统command指令commoncore共核commonnoun普通名词communication交际communicativecompetence交际能力communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘comparativedegree比较级competence能力complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性compound复合词复合句comprehension理解computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意义concord一致（关系）concordance共现关系concretenoun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjunction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制constructvalidity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义contentanalysis内容分析contentvalidity内容效度contentword实义词contextdependent语境依赖的contextofsituation情景语境context语境contextualanalyses语境分析contextualmeaning语境意义contrastiveanalysis对比分析controltheory控制理论controlledlanguage有控制的语言convention常规规约conventionalmeaning常规意义规约意义conventionality常规性规约性conversationalimplicature会话含义conversationalmaxim会话准则converseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则coordinateconstruction并列结构coordination并列coreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpusdata语料库语料corpus(plcorpora)语料素材corpuslinguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数（名词）counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句对联creativity创造性原创性Creole克里澳尔语混和语cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Danilanguage达尼语dataretrieval,DR资料检索database数据库dative(case)与格dativemovement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deepstructure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata无用的语料deixis指称delicacy精密阶denotation外延指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix衍生词汇derivationalmorphology派生形态学descriptiveadequacy描写充分性descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature结构特征determiner限定词developinggrammar发展语法deviant变体deviation偏离变异devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号变音符diagnostictest诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学digitizedsound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音双元音directobject直接宾语directspeech,DS直接言语directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇话语discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析discourseinterpretation语篇理解discrete分离的离散的discrete-pointgrammar离散语法discretepointtest分立性测试disjunction分离关系displacement移位dissimilation异化（作用）distinctivefeature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分do-insertionruledo添加规则domain范围领域dorsal舌背音舌中音dorsum舌背（音）doublecomparative双重比较drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualisticv