搜索
第一章并列句一、并列句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句常见并列连词：表顺接表转折表选择表因果…and…Both…and…Notonlyw…butalso…Notonly…but…Notonly…but…aswell但是：…but……yet……while……whereas……or……或者…Either…or…二选一Neither…nor…两者都不…for…因为…so…所以Eg:Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.二、并列句的省略：相同部分可省略，不同部分保持不变Eg:Theprogramkeepstracksofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedbackonyourperformanceandimprovement.【考场攻略】：找到并列句省略的部分Eg:Youcanbecomealawerinthreeyearsandyoucanbecomeamedicaldoctorinfour.Youcanbecomealawerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Eg:HevisitedtheCasino,helostthe$20andheleft.HevisitedtheCasino,lostthe$20andleft.第二章复合句（复合句=主句+从句）一．名词性从句①宾语从句1、宾语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作宾语2、宾语从句的写法：主句+连接词+从句（主句缺什么，连接词用什么；从句为陈述句）Eg:1）Dr.wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservation.(that不作成分可省略)2）Wesuddenlycan’trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago.3）Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too.4）WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustswhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?3、宾语从句的位置：（1）及物动词+宾语从句Eg：1）Scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuateaccordingtomentaleffort.2）Thismayalsoexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells…3）…userscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.(双宾)（2）介词+宾语从句Eg:1)Thisandothersimilarcasesraisethequestionofwhetherthereisstillalinebetweencourtandpolitics.2)Thosedifferenceareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.（3）形容词+宾语从句(×)Eg:Hefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.4、考研中常出现的三种宾语从句:（1）非谓语动词+宾语从句：（不一定是谓语动词+宾从，只要是及物动词就可加宾语从句）Eg:1)Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.2)Neitherofthesepatternisborneoutbytheanalysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelineage-specificandnotgovernedbyuniversals.（2）多个宾语从句：Eg:Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalaroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.（3）宾语从句后置，it作形式宾语：（条件：①宾语从句太长；②必须在主谓宾补的句子中）Eg:Thatkindsofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbeacceptedasimpartialjudgements.②表语从句1、表语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作表语2、表语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可以省略Eg:1)Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.2)Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotboundbyancode.3)Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.4)Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.3、表语从句的位置：位于系动词后③主语从句1、主语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作主语2、主语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；表达“是否”时，宾从、表从whether/if可任选其一，而主语从句只能用whetherEg:1)What’sneededisapackagedeal.2)Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.3)Whatmotivatedhim…washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”.4)Whetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.3、主语从句的位置：（1）位于句首：谓语动词前（2）位于句末：主语从句太长，用it作形式主语Eg:1)Itdidn’tmatterwhatwasdoneintheexperiment.2)Itisbecominglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbesimplification.4、主语从句用于写作：（1）Itisdone+主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）Eg:1)Thisyear,itwasproposedthatthesystembechanged…2)Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcrybecausetheyaresad…（2）Itis+adj./n.+主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）Eg:1)Itisobviousthattheirviewswrelessfullyintellectualized.2)Itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere.④同位语从句1、同位语从句的含义:一个句子放到另一个句子里解释说明名词（原句不缺成分）2、同位语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；最常用的是that引导Eg:1)Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthrity.2)EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangeislimitedandmixed.3)Acenturyyearsago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears…4)PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat”Circumstancedonotmakeaperson,theyrevealhim”.5)Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilities,ignoringthefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.3、同位语从句的位置：位于抽象名词后常见抽象名词：idea,opinion,fact,evidence,question,doubt,reason,theory,belief,possibility,chance,hope,contention,guarantee…【名词性从句小结】：四种名词性从句写法基本相同，位置不同一、定语从句1.定语从句的概念：一个句子放到另一个句子里作定语，修饰限定名词（同位语从句只能修饰抽象名词，而定语从句修饰限定任何名词）Eg:Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgement.(定语从句的每一个关系词都作成分)2.定语从句的写法：先行词n.+关系词+陈述句先行词关系词事/物Which/that人Who/whom(只能作宾语)/that人/物（表示人或物的所有关系，即“某人的/某物的”）Whose时间When地点Where原因why(1).先行词是事/物，关系词用which/thatEg:1)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.2)Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.(2).先行词是人，关系词用who/whom(只能作宾语时用)/thatEg:1）Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.2）RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.(3).先行词是人/物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词用whoseEg:1）Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.2)This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.(4).先行词是时间，关系词用whenEg:1）Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbe