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I摘要无人机，在民用和军事领域都具有广泛的应用。新型武器试验等应用场合对无人机的性能提出了更高的要求。随着微处理器、flash存储器、数传电台等器件和技术的发展，研制新一代数字化无人机的条件已经成熟。具有自主飞行能力的小型无人机，可用于执行航拍、勘测、自主侦察等任务，具有广泛的军事、民用和科学研究价值，这也使其成为世界各国科研机构的研究热点。在整个无人机自主系统中，通信子系统是飞行控制系统的重要组成部分，担负着无人机飞行状态信息和任务载荷数据的传送的任务，实现了地面站对小型无人机实时监控，所以针对无人机通信系统的专项研究有其重要意义。本论文基于对无人机测控系统和飞行控制系统中的数据传输进行了研究和探讨，设计了全数字化的无人机数据传输系统。并对无人机测控地面站、无线通信、飞行控制系统中数据传输的各环节，在硬件电路、软件程序、可靠性措施等方面进行了大量试验和定型，最终完成了全数字化的无人机数据传输系统。该系统可完成遥控指令、参数信息的上传，遥测信息的实时显示、飞行记录的存储和回放，满足了无人机的测控需求。该系统与传统无人机测控系统相比，降低了设备复杂度、减少了整机重量；采用无线调参方式，除大大减少了飞行准备工作量之外，提高了单次飞行效率，减少了新机型试飞次数。收发一体的无线通信方式，使无人机测控距离提高了50%。与传统无人机飞行控制系统相比，飞行稳定性大为增强，在飞行定高、定向、故障处理等指标上有了较大提高。关键词：无人机、测控系统、飞行控制系统、数据传输IIAbstractTheUAV(unmannedaviationvehicle)hasbeenwidelyusedoncivilfieldandmilitarypurpose.WiththeexperimentofnewweaponryorotherneedsthecapabilityofUAVhasbeenrequiredmoreandmorehighly.Alongwiththedevelopmentofmicroprocessorflashmemorizeranddigitaltransmitter-receiverorotherapparatusesitisfeasibletomanufactureUAVofnewseries.ThisbasedonaUAVcarryingthroughtheresearchanddiscussofdatatransmissioninmeasureandcommandsystemandflightcontrolsystemdesignacompletedigitaltransfersystemonUAVwhichbasedonthepracticalrequirementsofclientsandcombinedwiththemicroprocessordigitalradioandothercomponents.ToaccomplishthissystemwecarrythroughamassofexperimentsandformerimprovementsonhardwarecircuitsoftwareprogramreliabilitywhichisinvolvedingroundequipmenttomeasureandcommandUAVwirelesscommunicationsflightcontrolsystemandallotherpartsofdatatransmission.Withtheachievementsoftelecontrolinstructionsparameteruploadtelecontrolinformationreal-timedisplaystorageandreleaseofflightenregisterthissystemcanfulfiltherequirementstoUAVonmeasureandcommand.ComparedwithtraditionalUAVmeasureandcommandsystemthesystemreducedequipmentcomplicationandplaneweight.Withapplicationofwirelessadjustparameterinthesystemwecannotonlyreducetheworkonflightpreparationbutalsoimproveflightefficiencyandreducetrialtimes.DuetotransmitandreceiversignalsononeradiothesystemincreaseUAVmeasureandcommanddistanceoneandahalftimes.ComparedwithtraditionalUAVmeasureandcommandsystemitimprovedthecapabilityofflightstabilityaltitudeanddirectionconfirmationandfaultmanagement.Keywords:UAV(unmannedaviationvehicle)measureandcommandsystemflightcontrolsystemdatatransmission.III目录1.绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1我国无人机发展现状.........................................................................................31.2国外无人机的发展.............................................................................................41.3国内外相关技术的发展现状.............................................................................51.4无人机通信系统的研究及发展现状.................................................................51.5研究背景.............................................................................................................62.无人机的测控系统.....................................................................................................72.1无人机的测控系统现状及其存在问题.............................................................72.1.1发展思路..................................................................................................72.1.2关键技术..................................................................................................82.2无人机测控系统存在问题...............................................................................102.3新型无人机测控系统性能指标.......................................................................102.4无人机测控系统结构.......................................................................................113.无人机的飞行控制与测控数据传输.......................................................................133.1无人直升机飞行控制的特点及问题...............................................................133.2双无线通道与单无线通道的比较...................................................................133.3无人机飞行的无线通道...................................................................................143.4无人机飞行控制器...........................................................................................143.5无人机的飞行控制...........................................................................................163.5.1遥控飞行................................................................................................163.5.2自控飞行................................................................................................173.5.3遥控与自控结合....................................................................................184.无人机任务载荷与数据链路...................................................................................194.1无人机的任务载荷...........................................................................................194.1.1侦察监视类载荷....................................................................................194.1.2通信类载荷............................................................................................214.1.3武器弹药类载荷....................................................................................224.2任务载荷的应用与发展.............................