装配式建筑特点及应用展望

北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)毕业设计(论文)论文题目学习中心名称专业名称学生姓名指导教师年月日单位代码学号分类号密级北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)装配式建筑特点及应用展望北京航空航天大学北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)独创性声明我在此郑重申明，本人所提交的毕业设计（论文），是在导师指导下由本人独立完成的研究成果，对文中所引用他人的成果，均已进行了明确标注或得到许可。毕业设计（论文）中不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，不包含他人已申请毕业证书（学位）或其他用途使用过的成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确说明并表示了谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果，如有不实之处，由本人承担一切相关责任。学生签名：时间：年月日北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)1第1页装配式建筑特点及应用展望摘要装配式建筑是指用预制的构件在工地装配而成的建筑。随着现代工业技术的发展，建造房屋可以像机器生产那样，成批成套地制造。只要把预制好的房屋构件，运到工地装配起来就成了。这种建筑的优点是建造速度快，受气候条件制约小，节约劳动力并可提高建筑质量。装配式建筑按结构形式和施工方法一般分为五种：砌块建筑、板材建筑、盒式建筑、骨架板材建筑、升板和升层建筑。特点：1.大量的建筑部品由车间生产加工完成，构件种类主要有：外墙板，内墙板，叠合板，阳台，空调板，楼梯，预制梁，预制柱等。2.现场大量的装配作业，而原始现浇作业大大减少。3.采用建筑、装修一体化设计、施工，理想状态是装修可随主体施工同步进行。4.设计的标准化和管理的信息化，构件越标准，生产效率越高，相应的构件成本就会下降，配合工厂的数字化管理，整个装配式建筑的性价比会越来越高。5.符合绿色建筑的要求。缺点：要求放线准确，标高测量精确、对预留孔洞位置精度要求较高、预制构件尺寸也存在一定误差，拼装时缝隙有时过大或不均匀、外挂板无止水橡胶条。部份门框处未预埋木砖，高空作业无外架，存在一定的安全隐患。配式建筑在设计过程中，精确建筑构件，保证了建筑具备良好的抗震性能及防腐性能。工厂流水线上生产出大量的建筑部品，在作业现场只是进行装配，大量减少了施工过程中造成的环境污染。设计的标准化和管理的信息化，提高了生产效率，构件成本降低，配合数字化管理，装配式建筑性价比极高。对装配式建筑的的优劣进行了分析后，可见其是瑕不掩瑜，装配式建筑能够获得发展是必然的结果。北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)2第2页关键词：装配，建筑，放线，信息化北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)3第3页PrefabricatedconstructionfeaturesandapplicationprospectsAbstractPrefabricatedconstructionreferstotheuseofprefabricatedcomponentsareassembledinsiteconstruction.Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustrialtechnology,canbuildahouselikemachines,batchofcompletesetsofmanufacturing.Aslongastheprefabricatedbuildingcomponents,thesiteisassembled.Theadvantageofthisarchitectureistobuildspeed,smallcontrolledbyclimaticconditions,savinglaborandtoimprovethequalityofconstruction.Prefabricatedconstructionaccordingtothestructureandconstructionmethodsgenerallyfallintofivecategories:Blockbuilding,plank,cassette,skeleton,sheet,plateandlitreslayerbuildings.Features:1.Alargenumberofconstructionpartsaredonebytheworkshopproductionandprocessing,componenttypesmainlyinclude:cladding,wallboard,compositeboard,balcony,airconditioningboard,stairs,precastbeamsandprecastcolumn,etc.2.Thefieldofassemblyoperations,andtheoriginalcast-in-situoperationgreatlyreduced.3.Theintegrationofconstruction,decorationdesign,construction,ideallydecorationcanbesynchronizedwiththemainbodyconstruction.4.Thestandardizationofdesignandmanagementofinformation,thestandardcomponents,theproductionefficiencyishigher,thecorrespondingcomponentcostswillfall,cooperatewiththedigitalmanagementofthefactory,theprefabricatedconstructionwillbemoreandmorehighcostperformance.5.Inlinewiththerequirementsofgreenbuilding.Disadvantages:Accuratelypay-off,elevationmeasurementprecision,higherrequirementsonthereservedholepositionaccuracy,prefabricateddimensionalsoexistcertainerror,北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)4第4页whenassemblinggapistoobigorsometimesuneven,outsidehangsTaiwanwithoutwatersealingrubberstrip.Partoftheframeinembeddedwoodenbrick,aerialworkwithoutoutsidetheframe,thereisapotentialsafetyhazard.Matchstylebuildingsintheprocessofdesign,preciseconstruction,toensurethebuildinghavegoodseismicperformanceandtheanti-corrosionperformance.Factoryassemblylinetoproducealargenumberofconstructiondepartment,assemblyatthesceneofthehomeworkis,asubstantialreductionintheconstructionprocessoftheenvironmentalpollution.Thestandardizationofdesignandmanagementofinformation,improvetheproductionefficiency,componentcostreduction,cooperatewithdigitalmanagement,prefabricatedbuildinghighperformance-priceratio.Analyzestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofprefabricatedconstruction,itisvisibleinspiteofhisflaws,prefabricatedconstructiondevelopmentistheinevitableresultisobtained.Keywords:Assembly,Construction,Thepay-off,Information北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)5第5页目录1绪论··································································································································72装配式建筑按结构形式和施工方法分类及特性分析····················································82.1砌块建筑················································································································82.2砌块建筑················································································································82.3盒式建筑················································································································122.4骨架板材建筑········································································································132.5升板和升层建筑····································································································142.6特点························································································································152.6.1大量的建筑部品由车间生产加工完成，构件种类主要有：外墙板，内墙板，叠合板，阳台，空调板，楼梯，预制梁，预制柱等································152.6.2现场大量的装配作业，而原始现浇作业大大减少································152.6.3采用建筑、装修一体化设计、施工，理想状态是装修可随主体施工同步进行························································································································152.6.4设计的标准化和管理的信息化，构件越标准，生产效率越高，相应的构件成本就会下降，配合工厂的数字化管理，整个装配式建筑的性价比会越来越高····························································································································152.6.5符合绿色建筑的要求·····