搜索
1非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一．作主语(动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.玩火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’snouse/nogood/pleasuredoingsth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣It’sawasteoftimedoingsth做....浪费时间Itisworthdoingsth值得做某事Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收Itisworthmakinganappointmentbeforeyougo.去之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型.Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用ofsb如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。Itissillyofyoutosayso.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisamust/anecessityforustohaveagoodcommandoftheEnglishlanguage.4)“Wh-+to不定式”可做主语。如：Whentoleavehasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么时候动身还没定呢。Whethertodriveortakethetrainisstillaproblem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。.Plantingflowersneedsconstantwatering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lyingandstealingareimmoral.说谎与盗窃是不道德的。6)动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如：-----Whatmadehimangry?------Mary’s/My/His/Her/Their/Theboy’s/Thepresident’sbeinglate（madehimangry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being，构成动名词，做主语。如：Beingexposedtothesunisharmfultotheskin.Beingexaminedtwiceayear,whetheritisacar,abusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.经典练习：21.It’simportantforthefigures_________(update)regularly.2.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter______(remain)silent.3.It’sreallystupidofyou_______（tell）himthenewsyesterdaysoithasbeendisturbinghimallthetime.4.___________(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.5.__________(worry)aboutyourgradesdoesn’thelp.6.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_____(go)wrongwithit.参考答案：1.toupdate2.toremain3.tohavetold4.understanding5.worrying6.togo改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneemployasecurityofficer.2.Hearhowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.3.Knowbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.4.Dowellinaninterviewwillbeanimportantpartofgettingaplaceatuniversity.5.Hetolduswhetherhaveapicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.6.Howpreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.参考答案：1.在employ前加to2.Hear改为Hearing3.Know改为Knowing4.Do改为Doing5.have前加to6.prevent前加to.二.作定语1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein2)用不定式作定语的几种情况：a.不定式表将来如：Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.b.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any，theonly等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系,如：Hewasthebestmantodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.c.有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等Idon’ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.Hesaidhehadnoplantogothere.Hemadeanattempttostandup.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirdstostayaway.3)前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：theboiling/boiledwater.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水（表完成）agood-lookingflower.一朵好看的花儿（表特征）thedevelopingcountries/thedevelopedcountries发展中国家/发达国家3thefallingleaves/thefallenleaves正在下落的叶子/落叶theremainingmoney/themoneyleft剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”，过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如：anexcitingvoice一个令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice一个兴奋的声音apuzzlingexpression一个令人困惑的表情apuzzledexpression一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法：tobedone表示被动、将来；done表示被动、完成；beingdone表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/feel/smell/look和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式。HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwithstudents.Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.Thefoodtastingdelicioussellswell.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；havingdong或者havingbeendone一般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1.Therearemanypeople______(wait)outsidethehall.2.Therearemanyproblems______(remain)tobesolved.3.Theflowers_______(smell)sweetattractalotofpeople.4.Therearemanypeople_______(invite)totheparty.5.Thefilm,______(set)inthe19thcentury,wonthemedal.6.Themeeting_________(hold)nowisofgreatimportance.7.Themeeting_________(hold)yesterdaywasofgreatimportance.8.Themeeting________(hold)tomorrowisofgreatimportance.9.Heisalwaysthefirst_______(come)andthelast_______(leave).10.Heistheonlyperson________(know)thetruth.11.Hewasthebest______(do)thejob.13.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.14.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter_____(offer)ittohim.15.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope______(provide)16.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.17.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____（stand）inonecorner.18.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail______(wait)forher.19.Theymightjusthaveaplace_____(leave)onthewritingcourse—whydon’tyougiveitatry?20.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords____(use)indailyconversati