导论——语法层次自由词素FreeMorpheme词素屈折词缀InflectionalAffix粘附词素BoundMorpheme前缀Prefix派生词缀DerivationalAffix后缀Suffix简单词SimpleWord构成(构词法)派生词Derivative复合词CompoundWord词封闭词类:所有功能词FunctionWord(介代连助限定词)类别(语法功能)半闭半开:基数词序数词感叹词开放词类:名词Noun形容词Adjective副词主动词Verb名词词组NounPhrase:(限定词)+(置修饰语)+名词+(后置修饰语)简单动词词组SimplePhrase主动词为中心词语法动词词组VerbPhrase复杂动词词组Complexphrase词组限定动词词组FiniteVerbPhrase按照动词形式非限定词词组Non-finiteVerbPhrase形容词词组AdjectivePhrase:(修饰语)+形容词+(后置修饰语/补足成分)副词词组AdverbPhrase:(修饰语)+副词+(后置修饰语)介词词组PrepositionalPhrase:(修饰语)+介词+不足成分主句MainClause形式分句从句SubordinateClaus限定分句FiniteClause功能无动词分句VerblessClause非限定分句Non-finiteClause:不定式-ing分词-ed分词简单句SimpleSentence形式并列句CompoundSentence复杂句ComplexSentence句子并列复杂句Compound-complexSentence陈述句DeclarativeSentence疑问句Question功能感叹句ExclamatorySentence祈使句ImperativeSentence第一讲句子结构主动补SVC结构主动SV结构基本句型主动宾宾SVoO结构主动宾SVO结构主动宾补SVOC结构基本语序简单句语序前置(倒装)后置句型的转换与扩大:修饰、并列、完全句FullSentence从属、省略、替代句式变换并列句形式复杂句并列复杂句不完全句MinorSentence句子主语Subject谓语动词PredicateVerb①宾语Object补语Complement句子分析状语Adverbial②操作词Operator+述谓成分Prediction