2005年英语专八试卷真题及答案

12005年英语专八试卷真题及答案Part1,ListeningComprehensionSectionA,Mini-LectureIthinkasseniors,youareoftenrequiredbyyourinstructorstodosomelibraryresearchonthistopicorthat.And,intheend,youhavetowritearesearchpaper,right?Thenwhatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?Howarewegoingtowriteone?Whatarethestepsinproducingaresearchpaperandwhatarethepointsweneedtotakecareof?Intoday'slecture,I'lltrytoanswerthesequestions.Firstofall,whatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?Wemaystartbycomparingittoanordinaryessay,aformofwritingyouareveryfamiliarwith.Writingaresearchpaperismuchlikewritinganessay.Bothkindsofwritinginvolvemanyofthesamebasicsteps.Thatis,choosingatopic,askingquestionstodefineanddevelopthetopic,identifyingtheaudience,gettingrawmaterialtoworkwith,outliningthepaper,writingit,and,finally,revisingit.Thesearethestepssharedbetweenresearchpaperwritingandessaywriting.Isthereanydifference,youmayask.Yes.Whatmakesaresearchpaperdifferentisthatmuchofyourrawmaterialcomesnotfromyourownhead,butfromprintedsources:mainlybooksandperiodicalsinthelibrary.Collectingrawmaterial,thatisreadingbooksandtakingnotes,isverymuchliketheprocessofbrainstormingattheprewritingstageofanordinaryessay.Generallyspeaking,therearetwobasictypesofresearchpapers,andapapermaybelongtoeithertype.Itmaybeasurveyoffactsandopinionsavailableonagiventopicorananalyticalargumentthatusesthosefactsandopinionstoproveapoint.Yourinstructormaytellyouwhichkindofpaperyouareexpectedtowrite.Ifnot,youyourselfshouldeventuallychoosebetweensurveyingandarguing.Youwillthenhaveadefinitewayofmanagingyoursources.Now,let'stakealookathowyouaregoingtowriteasurvey-typeresearchpaperoranargumentativeresearchpaper.Inasurvey-typeresearchpaper,yougatherfactsandavarietyofopinionsonagiventopic.Youmakelittleattempttointerpretorevaluatewhatyoursourcessayortoproveaparticularpoint.Instead,throughquotation,summary,andparaphrase,youtrytoprovide2arepresentativesamplingoffactsandopinionstogiveanobjectivereportonyourtopic.Youexplaintheprosandconsofvariousattitudesoropinions,butyoudon'tsidedefinitelywithanyoneofthem.Whileinanargumentativeresearchpaper,youdoconsiderablymore.Youdonotsimplyquote,paraphrase,andsummarizeasyoudoinasurvey-typepaper.Youinterpret,question,compare,andjudgethestatementsyoucite.Youexplainwhyoneopinionissoundandanotherisnot;whyonefactisrelevantandanotherisnot;whyonewriteriscorrectandanotherismistaken.What'smore,yourpurposemayvarywithyourtopic.Youmaytrytoexplainasituationtorecommendacourseofaction,torevealthesolutiontoaproblem,ortopresentanddefendaparticularinterpretationofahistoricaleventoraworkofart.ButwhetherthetopicisspacetravelortrendsincontemporaryAmericanliterature,anargumentativeresearchpaperdealsactively-Isayitagain,actively-withthestatementsitcites.Itmakesthesestatementsworktogetherinanargumentthatyoucreate,thatis,toanargumentleadingtoaconclusionofyourown.Inthenextpartofthelecture,I'dliketotalkaboutoneofthebasicstepsinwritingImentionedearlierinthelecture.Thatishowtochooseatopic.Choosingatopicforaresearchpaperisinsomewayslikechoosingatopicforanordinaryessay,buttherearesomedifferences.Asyouthinkaboutyourtopic,askyourselfthesequestions:Questionnumberone:Doyoureallywanttoknowmoreaboutthistopic?Thisistheinitialquestionyouhavetoaskyourself,becauseresearchonanysubjectwillkeepyoubusyforweeks.Youcertainlydonotwishtowasteyourtimeonsomethingyouhavelittleinterestin.Youdoitwellonlyifyouexpecttolearnsomethinginterestingorimportantintheprocess.QuestionnumbertwAreyoulikelytofindmanysourcesofinformationonthistopic?Youcannotwritearesearchpaperwithoutconsultingavarietyofsources.Ifonlyonesourceornoneatallisreadilyavailable,youshouldrethinkyourtopicorchooseanother.Questionnumberthree:Canyoucutthetopicdowntoamanageablesize?Bereasonableandrealisticaboutwhatyoucandoinashortperiod,say,twotofourweeks.IfyourtopicisTheAmericanRevolution,you'llscarcelyhavetimetomakealistofbooksonyoursubject,letalone3readandanalyzethem.Sotrytofindsomethingspecific,suchasTheRoleofThomasJeffersonintheAmericanRevolutionorTheFranco-AmericanAllianceQuestionnumberfour:Whatquestionscanyouaskaboutthetopicitself?Questionshelpyougetthetopicdowntoamanageablesize,discoveritspossibilities,andfindthegoalofyourresearch,thatis,thespecificproblemyouwanttoinvestigate.Supposeyouwanttowriteabouttheissueoffinancingacollegeeducation-Atopicnotonlycurrent,butalsodirectlylinkedtothelivesofmostcollegestudentsandtheirfamilies.Youcouldaskatleasttwoorthreepointedquestions:Howmuchdoeseducationalopportunitydependonfinancialstatus?Isfinancialaidgoingtothestudentswhoneeditmost?Howmuchshoulduniversitiesandcollegeschargetheirstudents?Youcanaskyourselfthesequestionsormoreasyoustartworkontheresearchpaper.Okay.Tosumup,intoday'slecture,we'velookedatsomeoftheissuesinresearchpaperwriting,likethebasicsteps,typesofresearchpaper,andhowtochooseatopic.Inournextlecture,we'llconcentrateonhowtoidentifytheaudience,howtoworkoutanoutline,andhowtoeditthedraft.SectionB,InterviewM:Today,we'veProfessorMcKayonourmorningtalkshow.Goodmorning,ProfessorMcKay.W:Goodmorning.M:I'veheardthatyouandyourteamhavejust