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WordsandExpressions必修三Unit41.astronomy/n.C/天文学Newdiscoveriesweremadeinastronomy,geographyandmedicine.astronomer/n./天文学家IjoinedtheYoungAstronomersClub.astronaut/n.C/宇航员YangLiweibecomesthefirstChineseastronaut.2.system/n.C/系统，体系；制度；/n.U/条理，秩序thesolarsystem太阳系asocialsystem社会制度underthenew/oldsystem在新/旧制度下Theyhaveanalarmsysteminthehouse.他们房子里装有报警系统。3.theory/n.U/理论Weshouldcombinetheorywithpractice.evolutiontheory进化论intheory理论上4.violent/adj./violent/adj./猛烈的；激烈的；violently/adv./猛烈地；凶猛地violence/n./暴力，暴行withviolence猛烈地，强有力地haveaviolenttemper脾气暴躁take……byviolence抢夺…….Whateverhappens,wewillneveruseviolence.5.unlike/prep./&/adj./unlikely/adj./不大可能的likely/adj./可能的Itislikelythat……很可能…..belikelytodosth.可能做某事Unlikehisfather,Tomishumorousandeasygoing.6.harmful/adj./beharmfulto对……有害harm/n./&/v./损害，伤害dosb.harm/doharmto……对…….有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.（某人)做某事无害处7.exist/v./存在，生存existas作…..而生存，以……形态存在existon靠…….生活/生存existin存在于…..中Thereexist(s)existed…..某地有…..;存在….existence/n./存在，生存comeintoexistence(=begintoexist)产生，成立inexistence现存的，存在的8.puzzle/n./谜，难题/v./（使）迷惑puzzleabout/over苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feelpuzzledat/about…..对….感到迷惑puzzling/adj./令人费解的puzzlement/n./迷惑9.physicist/n./物理学家physics/n./物理（学）physical/adj./肉体的，身体上的physicallabour体力劳动physicalchange物理变化physicalscience自然科学physically/adv./身体上；肉体上反义：metal物质的，自然界的10.extict/adj./(生物)绝种的,灭绝的(官职等)废除了的;无合法继承人的(法令等)过时的;失效的anextinctfamily已绝嗣的家族anextinctspecies已灭绝的物种anextinctvolcano死火山Allhopewasextinct.一切希望都破灭了。11.pull/v./&/n./拉，拖；牵引力pulldown拆毁pullthrough康复，痊愈pullup停车，停止pullin(火车等）到站，进站；驶向路边（或某处）停靠Don’tworry;yourfatherisgoingtopullthrough.12.exhaust/vt./使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽Thereisnoneedtoexhaustyourselfclearingup.近义：tiresb.(out)/wearout使疲惫不堪useup=runoutof用完，用光giveout=runout用完，用光giveout筋疲力尽exhausted/adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的exhaustive/adj./彻底的，全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽1.intime及时intimeforsb.todosth.来得及（做）….,及时（做）……ontime按时，准时attimes有时，偶尔atnotime在任何时候都不；决不（至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装）innotime立即，立刻atatime依次2.layeggs下蛋lay/vt./放置；安放；产卵，下蛋Shelaidthebabydowngentlyonthebed.Betty’sbirthdaypartyisgoingtobeheldinthelivingroom,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.chosenC.gottenD.hadA3.givebirthto产生，分娩；引发，造成bybirth血统上，生来，天生的atbirth出生时bring…..tobirth使……产生Religiousdifferencesbetweenthemgavebirthtoaar.4.inone’sturn轮到某人inturn依次，轮流taketurnsinsth./todosth.轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事Youcantaketurnstousethecomputer.5.prevent…..from阻止，制止preventsb.(from)doingsth.=stopsb.(from)doingsth.在主动语态中from可以省略，而在被动语态中from不可以省略。keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。protect…..from….表示“保护….不受….损害”from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。6.cheerupcheer(sb./sth.)up（使）感到高兴；（使）感到振奋cheersb.on为某人加油cheers!干杯！Cheerup!Wearenearthefinishingline.7.nowthat既然，由于课文原句：“Ohdear,”walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”nowthat引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略that.与nowthat意思相近的有seeingthat,since等。就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当nowthat引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so.辨析nowthat/because/since/as/fornowthat说明已经成为事实的原因.because语气最强，回答是用why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为“既然”，常放在句首。as表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于”for是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。7.nowthat既然，由于注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：dueto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof,owningto,onaccountof等。Now(that)youhavementionedit,I’llkeepitinmind.8.getthehangof得知……的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事Typingiseasyonceyougetthehangofit.9.breakout突发，爆发Thefirebrokeoutlastnightinhisneighbour’sfurther.breakinto强行进入某处breakin强行进入breakdown停止运转；失败；垮掉breakup解散，分解breakthrough取得突破10.watchoutfor留意Watchout!Thereisacarcoming.小心！有车来了。拓展：watchover照顾；监督；保护keepawatch守望，注视beunderaclosewatch被严密监视11.blockout1）挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）Blackcloudsblockedoutthesun.Thememorywassoterriblethatshetriedtoblockitout.拓展blockoff（用路障）封锁，堵住blockup塞住，封住（孔、洞）blockone’sway挡住某人的去路blocksth.in/out草拟；画…..的简略图12.dependon/upon依赖，依靠；取决于Thepoormandependsonhissontoearnmoney.依靠某人做某事dependon/uponsb.todosth.dependon/uponone’sdoingsth.That/It(all)depends.依情况而定。Ⅲ.句型透视1.“so...that”句型Theearth___________________(变得如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.“makeitpossibletodosth.”结构Thisproducedachainreaction,which_____________________________(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能).becamesoviolentthatmakeitpossibleforlifetodevelopⅢ.句型透视3.“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried_______________________(是地球上的两倍远)andfellover.4.nowthat引导的原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpractice__________________________(既然地球引力已发生了变化).twiceasforasontheearthnowthatthegravityhaschangedⅢ.句型透视5.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。make+宾语+宾语补足语名词或形容词不带to的不定式todo过去分词v-ed介词短语make+it+/adj./&/n./+不定式/从句find,feel,think,take也有这样的用法Ⅲ.句型透视(1)“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as...”表示“……是……的几倍”,该句型也可用half,one-fourth等词,表示“是……的一半/四分之一”等。(2)有关倍数的表达方式还有：...倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than......倍数＋the＋名词＋of......倍数+what从句......倍数＋that＋of＋B...The＋(计量)名词(size/height/length/width…)＋ofⅢ.句型透视1.Thisroadistwiceaswideasthatroad.2.WhatIgetistwicemorethanMr.Wang.3.Thepriceofthehousethisyearistwicewhatitwaslastyear.4.Theroomistwicethesizeofmybrother’sroom.