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常见的字母与字母组合发音规则（I）元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音（一）元音字母a1.重读开音节[ei]paper;late;make;lake;face2.重读闭音节[æ]bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass（*例外：any一些[e];many许多[e]）3.非重读音节[ə]或[i]即：[ə]——ago;along;among;above;aloud[i]——comrade;village;manager；palace;private；necklace*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village.4.在字母w或wh后面，发[ɔ]was;wash;what;want;(*例外：water水[ɔ:])5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]即：dance;France;chanceask;mask;task;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;——（*例外：mass[æ]）fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;——(*例外：maths[æ])(二)元音字母e1.重读开音节[i:]me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节[e]hen;get;set;tell;echo3.非重读音节[i]useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;（三）元音字母i或y1.重读开音节[ai]China;try;my;hi;time;guide;2.重读闭音节[i]sit;hit;ill;little;system;3.非重读音节[i]unit;study(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节[əu]no;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节[ɔ]not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节[ə]purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[ʌ]son;month;come;ton;(*例外：Tom[ɔ])love;dove;glove;above;anothermother;brother;become;some5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-mən]女人（单数）;women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）（五）元音字母u1.重读开音节[ju:]pupil;student;use;cube2.重读闭音节[ʌ]或[u]即：[ʌ]——cut;luck;umbrella;us[u]——put;full;pull4.非重读音节[ə]autumn;August;support●元音字母组合的拼读规则（一）元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei]rain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday2.al+绝大多数辅音字母[ɔ:]small;wall;call;talk;walk；chalk3.或[ɔ:l]also;always*al后面是k时，只发[ɔ:]al+f或m时，al发[a:]half;calm-al在词尾非重读[（ə）l]medal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后[æl])3.-ance在重读时[a:ns]chance;dance;France在非重读时[əns]importance；performance；ambulance4.-ant非重读[ənt]assistant;important；peasant5.-ange一般[eindʒ]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[indʒ])6.-age一般[idʒ]village;carriage;marriage7.-ask一般重读时[a:sk]ask;mask;task;basket8.-ass一般重读时[a:s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[æ])9.-ast一般重读时[a:st]last;past;fast;cast-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste10.-ath一般[a:θ]bath;path;(*但maths[æθ])或[a:ð]father;rather;(*但gather[æð])11.-au一般[ɔ:]cause;autumn;August;(*但because[ɔ])-augh(t)[ɔ:(t)]caught;taught;daughter(*例外：laugh[la:f])12.-aw[ɔ:]draw;saw;law;awful13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[ɔ]was;wash;want;what;(*但water[ɔ:])14.-ar重读音时[a:]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star在字母w或音[w]后面时[ɔ:]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter在非重读音时[-ə]beggar;dollar;solar15.-are一般[-εə]hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent16.-air一般[-εə]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair17.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stable(二)元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：-ea[i:]team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal-ea[e]threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词);peasant-ea[iə]real;really-ea[ei]great;break2.-ee[i:]feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see*但是一个例外：coffee[i]3.-eer[iə]deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer4.-er重读音节[ə:]her;term;service;Germany非重读[ə]worker;paper;western;teacher特殊读法[a:]clerk5.-ere[iə]here;mere-ere或者发[εə]there;where6.-ear有三种音，分别是：-ear[iə]ear;dear;near;clear;tear(n.);beard-ear[ə:]early;earth;learn;heard-ear[a:]heart*tear作为动词时，发[εə]7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight-ei[ai]height-ei[i:]receive8.-ey重读[ei]they;hey;survey-ey重读[i:]key-ey非重读[i]monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball*-et非重读[it]pocket;ticket;rocket9.-ew一般[ju:]new;few;knew-ew或者发[u:]grew;threw-ew还可以发[əu]sew10.-ege[idʒ]college11.-est[ist]biggest;modest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d]lived;studied-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed（三）元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:]field;piece;achieve-ie在词尾[ai]lie;die;tie2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright3.-ir在重读音节[ə:]girl;firm;circle;first;third4.-ire在重读音节[‘aiə]fire;tired;hire;retired;wire5.-ild[aild]child;wild6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])7.-ing[iŋ]king;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion[(ei)ʃn]nation;pronunciation;information；composition-stion[tʃn]question-sion[ʃn]或[ʒn]mission使命;precision精密9.-ye在词尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye10.-ist[ist]list;fist;(四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时[əu]boat;coat;road;goat;toad-oar在重音时[ɔ:]blackboard;aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时[ɔi]boiler;point;join;oilboy;toy;joy;loyal3.-oo一般[u:]soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u]cook;look;book;took;foot;good；4.-or在重音时[ɔ:]for;horse;important;morning;born-or在字母w后面[ə:]work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均发[ɔ:])-or在非重音时[ə]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;forwards;forgive;conductor5.-oar一般[ɔ:]board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般[ɔ:]或在美式英语里发[ɔə]door;floor-oor还发[uə]poor7.-ore在重音时[ɔ:]snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found-ou还发[ʌ]country;countryside；trouble-ou还发[u:]wound;wounded9.-ough(t)发[ɔ:(t)]ought;brought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：cough[kɔf])10.-oe[əu]toe;hoe;Joe11.-old[əuld]old;hold;cold;told12.-ost[əust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[ɔst])13.-our在重音时[au]sour;our;hour;还发[ɔ:]four;course;pour还发[uə]tour;gourd-our在词尾(非重音)[ə]colour;neighbour;favourite14.-ow在重音时[au]now;cow;down;how;town-ow在重音或非重音中[əu]low;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;widow;know;show（五）元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u]如：full;bull;pull;push;bush字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发[u:]r．ule;tr．ue;bl．ue;J．une2.-ue在词尾[ju:]argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发[u:]fruit;juice-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节．．．．．．．时发[i]如：build;guilty;biscuit(*即就是说字母u不发音)4.-ur在重音时[ə:]turn;return;Thursday;nurse;