中国历史溯源英语课件

Chapter2HistoryⅠPre-HistoricalTimePartOneHighlightsofChineseCivilizationandLocalCultureⅡEarlyHistoryⅢImperialEraⅣModernPeriodintrodution2BackNextMainExitMajorStagesofCivilizationTheSlavesocietyTheFeudalsocietyTheSemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsocietyTheSocialistsocietyPre-HistoricalTimeBackNextMainExitⅠPre-HistoricalTimeI.PaleolithicAge2,500,000—18,000yearsagoII.NeolithicAge18,000years---3000yearsagoIII.Myth&LegendP-2pictureBackMainExitEarlyPaleolithicAgeNexth-6NextMainExitCulturesandProtoCivilizationsintheTworiverValleys长江与黄河史前文化和早期文明比较简表BackDateYangtzeRivercultureHuangheculture7000yrsHemudu,Zhengjiang:jade,pottery,paddy;riceMajiabangCulture:rice,potteryYangshao,Henan:pottery,millet,etc6500yrsLixian,Hunan:walledcityBanpo,Shaanxi:millet,ottery,proto-writingDawenkou,handong:pottery,proto-writing5300yrsChengdu:walledcities,bronzes;Liangzhu,Zhejiang:earthen“pyramid”,proto-writing,bronzesLongshan:allalongHuanghe:walledcities,bronzes4000yrsSanxingdui,Chengdu:dazzlingbronzes,undefendedwalledcityofStateofShuEritou,Henan:bronzes,defendedwalledcityoftheXiaDynastyP-2NeolithicageBackMainExitNeolithicAgeNextYangshaoCultureI.DiscoveryInApril1921JohanGunnarAnderson,aSwedishgeologistdiscoveredpaintedpotteryandstoneimplementsinYangshaoVillage,MianchiCounty,Henan.JohanGunnarAnderssonP-2YangshaoBackMainExitYangshaoCultureNextP-2HemuduNextMainExitBackWoodhoeexcavatedfromHemudusecondlevelP-1ChronologyNextMainExitChronologyofMajorHumanfossilsinChina中华大地猿人化石断代表BackNameDateSiteDiscoveryDawnMan2500000yrsYuanqu,Shanxi1990sFanchangMan2.1-2.4millionyrsFanchang,Anhui1999WushanMan2000000yrsYangtzegorges1990sYuanmouMan1700000yrsYuanmou.Yunnan1950sLantianMan1000000yrsLantian,Shaanxi1960sBeijingMan500000yrsBeijing1920sHexianManDittoHexian,Anhui1990sShangdingdongMan25000yrsBeijing1930sP-1PekingManBackMainExitEarlyPaleolithicAgeNextthePekingManFeaturesofLatePeriodApeMan:1towalkerect;2toliveingroupsincavesandsurvivebyhunting;3tochiselandwieldsimpleimplements;4tomakeuseofroughstonetoolsandusefireP-1EarlyPaleolithicAgeBackMainExitDiscoveryofPekingManNextInDec.2nd,1929Chinesearchaeologist,geologistPEIWenzhongandhisteamdiscoveredacompleteskullofanape-mandatingback600,000yearswhichwaslaternamedasPekingMan.ThefindingshavedisclosedtheoriginofhumanbeingsintheOrient,andofferedsolidproofsforthetheoryofhumanevolution.裴文中PEIWenzhongintrodution1BackNextMainExitMythsandLegendsChineseCreationMythP-3MythandLegendBackMainExitMythandLegendNext1)TheTianhuang,TheDihuangandTheRenhuang2)Fuxi,ShennongandHuangdi《古微书》TheThreeSovereignsP-3MythandLegendBackMainExitLegendaboutHuangdiNextZhudingyuan–Huangdi’sTombP-3MythandLegendBackMainExitHuangdiandCultureNextP-3M2BackMainExitMythandLegendNext1)少昊、颛顼Zhuanxu、帝喾Diku、尧Yao、舜Shun（伪《尚书序》）FiveEmperorsP-3videoBackMainExitTheThreeSovereigns&FiveEmperorsNextYouchaoshiSuirenshiNvwashiⅡEarlyHistoryBackMainExitⅡEarlyHistoryNextTheSlavesociety&TheFeudalsocietyI.XiaDynastyII.ShangDynastyIII.ZhouDynastyWesternZhouEasternZhouSpring–AutumnPeriodsWarringStatesPeriodsE-timeline1BackMainExitNextDatesDynasty朝代ca.2000-1500B.C.Xia夏1700-1027B.C.Shang商1027-771B.C.WesternZhou西周770-221B.C.EasternZhou东周770-476B.C.--SpringandAutumnperiod春秋时期475-221B.C.--WarringStatesperiod战国时期HistoryTimelineE-1xiaBackMainExitXiaDynastyNextFeatures:1Nowrittenrecords,canonlybedetectedthrougharcheologicalevidence;2AnevolutionalstagebetweenthelateNeolithicculturesandthetypicalChineseurbancivilizationYutheGreat，aherointamingtheflood,thefounderofXiaDynasty，andtheterminatorofdemise（禅让）system.E-2ShangBackMainExitShangDynastyNextFeatures:1Bronzewaresandmetallurgy(冶金术)2Oracleboneinscriptions3中国农历：ChineseMonthlyFarmer'sCalendarE-3ZhouBackMainExitZhouDynastyNext——systemoffiefdomE-3ZhouBackMainExitZhouDynastyNextZHOUGongCulture:EtiquetteSystemE-3Spring-Autumn•GoldenAge:witnessanunprecedentederaofculturalprosperityandalsowitnessastrongmomentumofgrowthoftheChineseculture.e.g.:1“AHundredSchools”2Leadingcontenders:Confucius,Laotze…3Culturalachievements:theFiveClassics•IronAge:notonlytheforgingofweaponsbutalsothemanufacturingoffarmimplements•Reforms:ShangYangReformshadagreatdealtodowithQin'semergenceasthemostpowerfulstateinthelateWarringStatesPeriod.BackMainExitNextTheSpring–AutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriodT-5•TheFourBooks:•《大学》TheGreatLearning;•《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean;•《论语》TheConfucianAnalects;•《孟子》TheWorksofMencius.•TheFiveClassics:•《周易》TheBookofSongs;•《尚书》TheBookofHistory/Documents;•《诗经》TheBookofChanges;•《礼记》TheBookofRites;•《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnannalsBackMainExitConfuciusNextT-6BackMainExitⅢImperialEraNextTheFeudalsocietyHistoryTimelineDatesDynasty朝代ca.2000-1500B.C.Xia夏1700-1027B.C.Shang商1027-771B.C.WesternZhou西周770-221B.C.EasternZhou东周770-476B.C.--SpringandAutumnperiod春秋时期475-221B.C.--WarringStatesperiod战国时期221-207B.C.Qin秦I-1BackMainExitHistoryTimelineNextI-1BackMainExitHistoryTimelineNextHistoryTimelineDatesDynasty朝代206B.C.-A.D.9WesternHan西汉A.D.9-24Xin新A.D.25-220EasternHan东汉A.D.220-280ThreeKingdoms三国220-265--Wei魏221-263--Shu蜀229-280--Wu吴HistoryTimelineDatesDynasty朝代A.D