中国历史简介-History-of-China

HistoryofChinaChinaisoneoftheearliestbirthplacesofhumancivilization,oneofthefourmajorancientcivilizations,andit’stheonlyonehasnotbeeninterrupted,hasahistoryformorethanfivethousandyears.•Ourhistorybeginswithlegendsandmyths,•wehavethegodPangu(盘古)whocreatedtheworld,•thegoddessNvwa(女娲)whofixeduptheskyandcreatedhumanbeings,•theheroHouyi(后羿)whoshotdown9extrasunswithabowtoprotectpeoplefromsunburn,•thelordHuangdi(黄帝)whounitedourpeoplefortheveryfirsttime,•About2070B.C,alordcalledYu(禹)establishedthefirstdynastyinChina,thenationwasnamedtheXiadynasty.•Xiaexistedforover400years,andthelastkingJie(桀)wassobadthatapowerfullordcalledTang(汤)defeatedhimandstartedanewdynasty,Shang(商)•AndinShangdynastyfoundthefirstChinesecharacters,Oracle.•Shanglastedfor600yearsbeforeitsbiggestdependencytookitsplace,it’scalledtheZhou(周)dynasty.•TheZhoudynastywasdividedintotwostages,theWesterndynastyandtheEasterndynasty.•IntheEasterndynasty,thekingdomwasdividedintomanysmallstates,themapwaslikethis.•Thereweremanygreatideologistsandphilosophersinthisdynasty,suchasConfucius,Lao-tzu(老子),Chuang-tzu(庄子)andsoon.Thesepeople,andtheirthoughtshadahugeeffectonChina’shistory,andtheChinatoday.•Amongthesestates,therewere7strongest,theywerecalledtheWarringStates(战国七雄).•Thelustforpowerandlandsmadethemattackoneachotherforhundredsofyears,andatlast,thekingdomQin(秦)wonthegame,andbuiltthefirstempire,theQindynasty.•Andtheking(嬴政)becamethefirstemperorofChina•Qindynastyonlylastedfor15years,thethirdemperorsurrenderedtotherebelarmy.•Butstill,it’saratherimportantdynastyinChina’shistory,it’stheendofslaverysocietyandthebeginningoffeudalsociety,andreunitedourpeopleandlands.•TheQindynastywasreplacedbyHan.Inthisdynasty,Chinabecamestrongerandbigger,andthepopulationwasincreasingveryfast.By2A.D,thepopulationwas60million,accountedforabout1/3ofthatofthewholeworld.•TheHandynastyexistedforover400years,from202B.Cto220A.D,butinthelast100years,therewereactuallythreekingdomsthanone,Wei(魏),Shu(蜀)andWu(吴).TheyfoughtagainsteachotherfordecadesandthantheywerealldefeatedbyJin(晋).•IntheJindynastybeganthefirstSeparatePeriod,anditlastedforcenturies,thereweremorethanadozendifferentsizeofcountriesroseupandwentdown,showedupanddisappeared,untilaverypowerfulwarlordYangjiandefeatedthemallandestablishedtheSui(隋)dynasty.•ThesecondemperorofSuiwasambitious,andhedidpromulgatesomegreatpolicies,suchasimplementingtheImperialexaminationsystem(科举制),hebuilttheGrandCanal(京杭大运河),heenrichedourterritory,etc.Buthewastoomeantothepeople,andthatledhimandhisregimetoanend.•In618A.D,theemperorLiyuanestablishedtheTangdynastyinChang’ancity,nowit’scalledXi’an.Heandhissonsdevelopedournationtobeyondanydoubtthegreatestnationintheworldofthattime.•IntheTangDynasty,ournationhasreachedveryhighachievementsinthecultural,political,economic,diplomaticandmanyotheraspects.•AndmanyneighboringcountriessuchasJapan,Koreawerelearningfromus,andtodaywecanstillseetheseinfluences.•Goodthingsneverlastforlong.300yearslater,Tangcametoitsend.AndthatmeantthebeginningofthesecondSeparatePeriod,it’scalledtheFiveDynastiesandTenStatesPeriod(五代十国),it’sevenmorecomplicatedthanthefirstone.•Atlast,theemperorZhaoKuangyingendedthechaosandstartedtheSongdynasty.•DuringtheSongdynastyournationwasactuallyalwaysindanger,thereweremanyhostileterritoriesaround,andtheykeptoninvadingus,Sometimeswewonthewar,sometimeswedidn’t.•ButthentheriseofMongoliachangedeverything.TheGreatGenghisKhanledhisbraveMongoliacavalryconqueredallthesecountriesonebyonewithinafewyears,andhedidn’tstop,heownedalmosthalftheworld.•WhenGenghisKhandied,hishugeempirewasdividedintoseveralparts,andthebiggestonewassucceededbyKublaiKhan(忽必烈),andthecountrywascalledtheYuandynasty.•TheMongoliansdidn’tknowhowtoruleaswellastheyfight,only98yearslater,in1368A.D,ZhuYuanzhangledhisrebelarmydefeatedtheMongoliansandestablishedtheMingdynasty.•TheMingdynastywasthelastdynastythatwasruledbytheHanpeople,becausein1644A.D,theManchupeopleroseupandoccupiedtheCentralPlains(入主中原),andestablishedtheQingdynasty,thelastdynastyofChina.•ThesecondemperorwasKangxi,hewantedtoprotecthisregimefromwesterncountriesbyshuttingouttheworld(闭关锁国),andthatwaswhenChinastartedtolosethegame.•For200years,theotherpartsoftheworldweredevelopingsofastwhileweweremarchingonthespot.•Finallyin1840,theBritishknockedourgateopenbycannons,andthatstartedtheendoftheQingdynasty.Fordecades,Chinawasinvadedbywesternforcesformanytimes,welostalotofterritories,minerals,goldandsilver,andsoon.Manyaspiringyouthwereseekingwaytosaveournation.•In1911,Dr.SunYat-sensuccessfullyledtherevolutionofoverthrewingtheQingdynasty,putanendtothefeudalsociety,andestablishedtheRepublicofChina.•ThoughtheQingdynastywasgone,thecountrywasstillinamess.Warlordsfoughtagainsteachotherforalmost30years,andtheJapanesestartedtheirinvasionin1918,madethesituationmuchworse.Andafteryearsofresistance,wefinallywontheAnti-JapaneseWar,and2015isthe70thanniversaryofthevictoryofthiswar.•ThewaragainstJapanesewasoverin1945,butthewarbetweentheKuomintang(KMT)andtheCommunistPartydidn’tenduntil1949,weallknowwhowonthewar.•AndonOc