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BridgeandtunnelengineeringWhatisbridge?•Bridgesisakindofarchitecturalstructuresforrailways,roads,channels,pipeline,vehicles,pedestrianstocrossrivers,valleys,lakesorotherobstaclesThecompositionofthebridge•Bridgespanstructure(Superstructure)•Bridgepierandabutment(infrastructure)•PierfoundationTheclassificationofthebridge---Accordingtothebasicclassificationsystemofthebridge•Beambridge,archbridge,steelbridge,suspensionbridge,slabbridgeTheotherclassificationofthebridge·Materialsusedinthebridge:,masonrybridge,reinforcedconcretebridge,prestressedconcretebridgeandsteelbridge•Bridgeapplication:highwaybridge,railwaybridge,ironbridge,pedestrianbridge,andpipelinebridge,etcThebasicpurposeofbridgeconstructionGenerallyspeaking,thebridgeconstructionisthebasicgoalofsafe,applicable,economic,beautiful.Onthebasicgoals,itshouldbereflectedinthedevelopmentofbridgetechnology:Bridgeswithlargespancapacityandcarryingcapacity;Vehiclesafetyandpassengercomfort.In1969,ChinahasattractedworldwideattentionofNanjingYangtzeriverbridgewhichdesigned,constructedbyoursleves.Railwaybridgepartis6772mandHighwaybridgesectionis4589m.NanjingYangtzeriverbridgeshowstheBridgesinChinahasreachedtheadvancedworldlevel,alsoisanotherimportantsymbolonourbridgehistory.Thetrendofthedevelopmentofthebridge•BridgeSpanincreasing•MoreandmorekindsofBridge•Structurelight-dutyWhatistunnel?•Aengineeringstructureswhichbuildintheformationofunderground.Itiswidelyusedinhighway,railway,mining,hydropower,municipalengineeringandnationaldefense,etcTunneldevelopmenttechnology•Thefourteenthcentury--Theinventionofgunpowderusedintunnelexcavation•In1818,TunnelBoringMachine(TBM)wasinventedinBrussels•In1896,TheBritishusedcompressedairandTBMforthefirsttimetobuildunderwatertunnelTheclassificationandfunctionofthetunnel•Accordingtothestratigraphicpoints:rocktunnel,soiltunnel•Accordingtotheposition:mountaintunnel,theurbantunnel,underwatertunnel•Accordingtothepurpose:traffictunnel,thehydraulictunnel,municipaltunnel,theminetunnelThetunnelstructure•Themainbodystructure:Inordertomaintainthestabilityofrockmassanddrivingsafetyandbuiltartificialpermanentstructure,usuallyreferstotheholebodyliningandtunnelportalstructure•Affiliatedconstruction:Buildforpowergeneration,storage,maintenance,ventilation,lightingandotherbuildingconstructionThemaintypesoftunnelconstructionmethod•Generally,tunnelconstructioncanbedividedintotheopencutmethodandundercuttingmethodOpencutmethod•Characteristic:first,digallsoilwhichinaboveoftunnel,andthenbuildatunnellining,whennecessary,layingtypewaterprooflayerisstuckoutside,andbackfillit.SuchasopenholeandthemethodusedinshallowburiedtunnelorundergroundrailwayUndercuttingmethods•Characteristic:Donotdigallsoilwhichinaboveoftunnel,allprojectsareconductedinundergroundHasbeencompleted&underconstructionTunnelBoringMachineTerracedtunnelportalfigurePillartunnelportalfigureRingframetunnelportalfigureThankyou!